m 






ft. 

mm 






mM"^' 




Qass. 
Book 



COrYRICin DEPOSIT 




NEW YORK 

TO 

PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, 
WASHINGTON. 




^^^. 



TAINTOR BROTHERS, 

758 Broadway, New York. 



T35^^^^?Er 



^J 



RIGAUD & CO.'S PERFUMERY 



RIGAUD'S NEW PERFUMES 

FOR THE HANDKERCHIEF 
Are recommended as unsurpassed by any similar articles, both 
for delicacy of perfume and permanence. The following are 
esp cially recommended : 



OHAMPAOA, 

KANANGA, 
ALSO ALL THE STANDARD PEEFUMES OF THE DAY. 

Special attention is called also to RiGAUD's Exquisite Toilet 
Preparations ; Dentifrices ; Preparations for the Complexion ; 
Pomades, Oils, and Washes for the Hair ; Fine Toilet Soaps. 
which are offered in great variety. Send for Rigaud & Co.'& 
Toilet Guide, which is mailed free by 

E. FOTJGERA & CO., Agents for the United States, 

30 North William St., Netv Yorh. 



DELACRE'S CHOCOLATES. 

The attention of Connoisseurs in Chocolate is directed to the 
above Chocolates, which for purity and fine aroma are 
UNSURPASSED. 

WE NOW OFFER THE FOLLOWING QUALITIES: 

SANTE FIN ; SANTE SUF^FIN ; VANILLA FIN ; 

VANILLA SUI^FIN ; also HOMOEOPATHIC 

CHOCOLATE, and DELACI^E'S EX- 

TI\ACT OF MEAT CHOCOLATE, 

An excellent Tonic for Invalids and Convnlescents. 

Consumers unable to obtain this brand will please send their 

orders or inquiries to 

E. FOTJGERA & Co., Agents, 

30 North William St., New York. 



THE TRAVELERS 

LARGEST 

IN 

THE WORLD. 

LIFE AND ACCIDENT 
^SURANOE COMPANY, 
HARTFORD, CONN. 

H ASSETS over $3,750,000 

'.PLUS TO POLICY HOLDERS, . . . 1,300,000 

D IN CASH BENEFITS over .... 3,000,000 




Accident Policies Written, over . . 400,000 

Accident Claims Paid, over . . . 24,000 

One in seventeen of the whole number insured have thus 
received the practical benefits of Accident Insurance. 



General Accident Policies, for year or month, written by 
Agents without delay. No medical examination required. Yearly 
cost, $5 to $10 per $1,000 for occupations not specially hazardous. 



LIFE AND ENDOWMENT INSURANCE. 
All approved forms at Low Cash Prices. 



JAMES G. BATTERSON, President. 

RODNEY DENNIS, Sec'y. JOHN E. MORRIS, Ass't Sec'y. 

XJlW YORK OFFICE, 207 BROAHWAY, 

Agents everywhere m United States and Canadaa. 



PERRY & COMPANY, 



MANUFACTURERS OF THE 



ARGAND BASE BURNER 

THE BELMONT RANGE, 
THE CXJN^RD COOK, 

And one hundred and twenty -five other patterns of 
STOVES, RANGES, AND HOT-AIR FURNACES. 

NEW YORK CITY, ALBANY, CHICAGO, 

. 86 Beekman St. 115 Hudson Ave. 15 and 17 Lake St. 



C. H. COVELL, 

922 Broadway, N. E. Corner 21st Street, 

IMPORTER OF AND DEALER IN 

Clocks, Bronzes, 



F^lSrCY GOODS, 

CHANDELIERS AND GAS FIXTURES. 

AXSO, FUTURES FOE Oil LAMPS, 

0/ most approved patterns. 

CONSTANTLY RECEIVING PER STEAMER 

Novelties at Popular Prices. 
LADIES I ASK FOR 



^T^^ 



ONvi: 




9i Q(S^ 



_ {Wound on White Spools.) 

GEORGE A. CLARK, . . . Sole Agent. 

And miLlTAKD'S HELIX NEEDLES in patent wrappers. 

They are the best in use. 'PW^ Sold Everxwheke. 



Phelps, Dodge & Co,, 

CLIFF ST., between John and Fulton, 

IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 

TIN AND ROOFING PLATES, 

OP ALL SIZES AlO) KINDS, 

PIG TIN, RUSSIA SHEET IRON, 
Charcoal and Common Sheet Iron, 

LiJBJkI>, SHEIQT ZINC, COI*I>B3£i, 

SPELTER, SOLDER, ANTIMONY, &c. 

MAiaJFACTTTREBS OP 

COPPER, BRASS, AND WIRB- 



M^^.^ ' fi^^m .^9i^;' 




>^'e^-^<3^X. CAW^V i^ .^wcv^ s\ . 



UUUiAi: 1V£*ULI Kit * 



An indispoosable requisite /or every Teacher^ Advanced Student^ 

Intelligent Family^ Library^ and Professional Person^ is 

THE BEST ENGLISH DIOTIONAEY. 



5^^\vje\\eci^^^^ 




^IGY 



WEBSTER'S UNABRIDGED 

10,000 Words and Meanings not in other Dictionaries. 
3,000 Eugravings; 1,8 40 Pages Quarto. Price, $12. 

FOUR PAGES COLORED ILLUSTRATIONS. 
iV^ " The best practical English Dictionary kxt 

E London Quarterly Revieio, Oct., 1873. 

The sales of Webster's Dictionaries throughout the country J^ 

"R in 1873 were 20 times as large as the sales of any other Diction- ^* 

Saries. S 

One family of children having Webster's Unabridged, and •**• 

TH using it freely, and another not having it, the first will become JL 

__ much the mo«t intelligent men and women. Ask your teacher T) 

Fm or minister if it is not so, then buy the book and use, imd urge its g^ 

"ID use. freely. 22^ 

*•* PubUshed by ±U 

S G. & C. MERRIllTI, Springfield, Mas$«. 13 



If 



SPRINGFIEiLD 

9^ire and Marine insurance Co, 



Incorporated 1849. Charter Perpetual. 

NO MARINE RISKS TAKEN. 



Capital, ----- ^750,000.00 
Caeli Assets, - - - _ 1,500,000.00 



DWIGHT R. SMITH, Pres't. 
S. J. HALL, Sec'y. A. J. WRIGHT, Treas. 

BIGELOW, COIT & PECK, Agents, .... New York. 

ALEX. W. WISTER, Agent, Philadelphia. 

REED & BROTHER, Agents, Boston. 



Agencies also in all the principal Cities and Towns in the country. 

A., jr. SiAJRTiTNGr, G^en'l Agt. 

^Western. Department, Chicago, 111. 




M:0SE3L.EY'© IVETV ITA.VE1V HOTJSE, 

Fronting the Park and opposite Yale College, 
Is owned and kept by S. H. Moseley, who for ten years was connected with the 
famous Massasoit House, Sprinprfield, Mass., and for five years partner of the 
charming Brevoort House, New York. It is the most complete, comfortable and 
homelike Hotel in the City, and one of the best to be found in this country. Mr. 
Moseley also has the Restaurant at the Railway Station, which is the best eating 
place for passengers between New York and Boston. All express trains stop ten 
minutes "t New Haven. 

BREVOORT HOUSE, 

NE^V^^ YORK. 

This well known Hotel is located on 

FIFTH AVENUE, cor. of EIGHTH STREET, 

Near "Washington Square. 

One of the most delightful situations, combining the quiet 
retirement of a private mansion with easy access to all parts of 
the city. 

The Brevoort has always been a 

FAVORITE WITH EUROPEANS 

visiting the United States, the plan upon which it is kept being 
Buch as to commend it to those accustomed to European habits. 

CHARLES C. WAITE, 

JResident Proprietor. 




^W^INDSOB HOTEL, 

FIFTH AVENUE, 46tll & 47tll STS., K£W YORK. 



.HAWK, WAITE, &- VVETHERBEE, Proprietors. 



The Windsor is more magnificent and commodious, and contains 
more real comforts, than any other Hotel in America. 

Its location is delightful, being surrounded by the most fash- 
ionable residences in New York ; it is also near the famous Central 
Park and within three minutes' walk of the Grand Central Railway 
Station. The rooms, with all the modern improvements, are 
especially adapted for travelers ; this Hotel also has elegant apart- 
ments, en suite for families, permanent or transient. The light, 
ventilation, and sanitary cfualities are perfect, and cannot be 
excelled. 



SAMUEL HAWK, CHAS. C. WAITE, GARDNER WETHERBEE, 

of St. Nicholas Hotel, ofBrevoo^'t House, late of Revere House, Boston, 



Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Co., 

OF HARTFORD, CONN. 

Thirtieth Annual Statennent. 

Net Assets, January 1, 1S75 f 0S,Si:8.2G7 85 

FU-rFivpn INT 107K . j For Premiums $7,165,468 55 

RECEIVED IN 18^5 . ^ p^j. Interest and Rent 2,652,931 81 9,818,4ti(> 3(i 

48,fi56.C,f)S 21 
Disbursed in 1875 7,194.6(12 OS 

Balance, Net Assets, Decembeb 31, 1875 141,462,065 5} 

Gross assets, December 31, 1875 $43,494,650 92 

Liabilities : 
Amount required to reinsure all outstanding policies, 

net, assuming 4 per cent, interest ... $38,494,0^5 00 

Extra Reserve ... 197,612 00 

All other liabilities 798,142 00 39,489,799 00 

Surplus, December 31, 1875 $ 4,004,851 92 

Increase of assets during 1875 $3,050,954 95 

Ratio of expense of management to receipts in 1875 7.55 per cent. 

Policies in force, Dec. 31, 1875, 66,209, insuring , $186,076,842 00 

JAMES GOODWIN, President. 
JACOB L. GREENE, Sec. JOHN M. TAYLOR, Asst. Sec. 

Secure yonr Valuables by Depositing in Fire and Burglar Proof Vaults, 
Tliorouglily Ventilated and PositlTely Free from Dampness. 

CENTRAL SAFE DEPOSIT CO. 

71 & 73 West 23d Street, Masonic Temple Building. 

Silver received on deposit for the season at low rates. Packages will be 
Bent for and delivered FEEE OF CHAEQE. VALUABLE PAINTINGS STOEED P02 
ANY LENGTH OF TIME IN A EOOM SPECIALLY FOE THE PUEPOSE. 

Trunks of clothing received on deposit (accessible at all times to the 
owner), 50 cents per month. Small Safes to rent by the year or month 
in Fire and Burglar Proof Vault at from |10 to $100 per year. An ex- 
amination of the premises is requested before depositing elsewhere. 

Chas. Koome, Pres. Manhattan Gas Co. ; Darius R Mangan, Pres. 
National Trust Co.; Edward V. Loew, Pres. Manuf. & Builders' Fire 
Ins. Co. ; Geo. Pancoast, Pres. Archer & Pancoast Manuf. Co.; Edward 
B. BuLKLEY, Pres. Jefferson Iron Co.; Alex. M. Lesley, Pres. Trades 
Savings Bank.; Thos. L. James, Postmaster, New York.; Geo. E. Ster- 
RY, Weaver & Sterry, Importers of Drugs.; Wm. H. Howell, Howell, 
Barr & Co., Dealers in Syrups.; Archibald Hance. Sup't Dry Dock, 
E. B. & B. R. R. Co.; Ellwood E. Thorne, 71 & 73 West 28d Street. 

EIjIjWOOJD E. TIIOBNE, President. 
JOHN P. ROBERTS, Sec^y dt Treas. WILLIAM A. FRAZER, Supt. 



NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON 



A Complete Guide Book 

OF THE 

ROUTE FKOM NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON ; DESCRIBING 
ALL STATIONS ON THE EOUTE, AND CON- 
TAINING A FULL DESCRIPTION OF 
THE THREE CITIES 



PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, AND WASHINGTON 



\ ILLUSTRATED WITR MAPS AND WOODCUTS. 



,. ^ 



^.(^f.'f.-^ 



^H 



:,z^^y^ 



PUBLISHED BY 
TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO., 

7S8 BROAD\A/-AY, NEW YORK. 
COPYRICSHT, TAINTOR BROTHERS 4 CO., 1876. 



LE BOUTILLIER BROTHERS, 

48 EAST 14t]i STEEET, NEW YOEK, 

IMPORTERS AND RETAILERS OP 

BLACK AND COLORED SILKS, 

DRESS GOODS OF EVERY DESCRIPTI02S , 
MOURNING GOODS OF ALL KINDS, 
LINENS AND WHITE GOODS^ 
HOSIERY, 
UNDERYESTS and DRAWERS, 

PARIS AND DOMESTIC UNDERGARMENTS, 
EMBROIDERIES, 
LACESi 

HANDKERCHIEFS, 

RIBBONS, NECK-WEAR, Etc. 



PERINOT KID CLOVES 



We call especial attention to our Stock, com- 
prising all the new and desirable styles, which 
we offer at the VERY LOWEST prices. 

Samples sent free on application. 

•* LE boutillieu buothers, 

48 East 14th Street, . . . NEW YOB.K. 
912 Chestnut Street, . PHILADELPHIA. 
104 and 106 West 4th St., CINCINNATI. 

2 Faubourg Poissonnier, , . . PARIS 



< 






•J 



.5" 

ft 


INDEX. 




V* Aberdeen. 


PAGE 
64 


Elizabeth 

Elkton .... 


PAGE 
13 


^ Alexandria 


95 

22 

m 

65 


62 


!^ Andalusia 


Fort Washington 

Erankford 


.... 96 
.... 23 


Back River 


Georgetown 


93 


Saltimore 


66 

80 

71 

78 


Gilson's 


. . . . 66 


Amusements 


Gray's Ferry 


.... 56 
.... 65 


Cemeteries 


Havre de Grace 


63 


Charitable Institutions. 
Educational Institutions 
Hotels 


74 

72 

80 


Holly Oak 

Holmesburg 


.... 59 

.... 22 

9 




73 


Lamokin 

Lawrence 


58 


liibraries, etc 


73 


18 




77 

75 

69 

76 




... 57 






14 


Public Buildings 


Linwood 


.... 58 


Public Parks. . .. 


Man'nolia 


64 


Railroad Depots 

Steamboat Lines 


. ... 80 
60 




.... 15 


Monmouth Junction 


.. 17 


The Water Works 


78 


Morrisville 


.... 21 




80 


.... 95 


Bellevue 


. ... 59 


Newark 


.... 10 


Bell Road 


57 


Newark, Del 


61 


Bridesburg 


23 

21 

64 


15 




.... 60 




New York 


.... 8 




52 


New York to Washiygton 

New York to Philadelphia 

North East 


.... 5 


Charlestowii 

Chase's 


62 

65 

58 


7 
.... 62 


Chester 


North Elizabeth 

Pennepack 

Perry mans ville 

Perryville 

Philadelphia 


.... 13 


Claymont 


5!) 

22 


.... 22 
.... 64 




60 


.... 63 


Delaware River 

Edgewood 

Edington 


20 

64 

22 


.... 24 
.... 50 


Asylums 


.... 47 



INDEX. 



Philadelphia — page 

Banks 49 

Benevolent Institutions 33 

Cemeteries 41 

Charitable Institutions 36 

Churches 46 

Club Houses 45 

Colleges 51 

Dispensaries 47 

Educational Institutions 29 

Fairmount Park 39 

Fairmount Water Works 40 

Financial and Commercial As- 
sociations 50 

Fine Arts 33 

Hack Fares 43 

History 24 

Hospitals 47 

Hotels 44 

Libraries and Reading Rooms. 51 
Literary and Scientific Asso- 
ciations 31 

Location and Topography 25 

Manufactures 26 

Other Objects of Interest 42 

Places of Amusement 50 

Prisons 37 

Public Buildings 27 

Public Buildings and Institu- 
tions 48 

Public Libraries" 31 

Public Squares and Parks 38 

Railroad Depots 42 

Safe Deposit and Trust Com- 
panies 49 



Philadelphia — PAOB 

Saving Funds 50 

Streetcars 43 

Streets and Numbers 44 

Trade and Commerce 27 

Philadelphia to Baltimore 56 

Plainsboro 17 

Potomac Water Works 94 

Price's Wood Station 61 

Princeton 17 

Princeton Junction 17 

Principio 63 

Rahway 17 

Routes 5 

Schenck's Station 22 

South Elizabeth 14 

Stanton 60 

Stemmer's Run 65 

Tacony 23 

Thirteen Mile Switch 65 

Thurlow 58 

Torresdale 22 

Trenton 18 

Tullytown 21 

Uuiontown 15 

Vicinity of Washington 93 

Washington 81 

Cemeteries 92 

Charitable Institutions 91 

Churches 92 

Educational Institutions 90 

Hotels, etc 92 

Waverley 13 

Wilmington. 59 

Wissinoming 23 



1 















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v,/''<"" m, 



ll-OPf* 



x^_ 



PUKPARKD FOR 






TAINTOR'S ROUTE KIT! GinDES, 

PUBLTSHED BY 

TAHTTOB BUOTHEBS i CO., 
yEir YORK. 



NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. 



THE EOUTES. 

1. The most direct route by rail from the great commercial 
metropolis of the country to its political capital passes in a nearly 
direct line through two other of its largest and most important 
cities, namely, Philadelphia and Baltimore, full descriptions of 
which are contained in this Guide-book. The railroads by which 
the passage is made are three in number : 

First. The New York Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, 
across the State of New Jersey, passing through the cities of 
Jersey City, Newark, Elizabeth, Rahway, New Brunswick, and 
Trenton, to Philadelphia. 

Second. The PhilaclelpJiia, Wilmington, and Baltimore Railroad, 
passing across the northern part of the State of Delaware, through 
the city of Wilmington, to Baltimore ; and. 

Third. The Baltimm^e and Potomac Railroad to Washington. - 

This is the only through route from New York to Washington, 
conveying passengers without change of cars. The distance is 231 
miles ; the running time on the regular trains from eight and a 
half hours to nine and a half hours. A limited express train is 
run through each way, daily, in six hours and forty minutes. 
This train is composed exclusively of Pullman Parlor Cars, and an 
extra rate of fare is charged. 

2. For tourists who wish to stop at intermediate points, there 
are three other routes from New York to Philadelphia : First. The 
New York and Philadelphia New Line, which is composed of the 
Central Railroad of New Jersey to Bound Brook, N. J., the Dela- 
ware and Bound Brook Railroad to Yardley, Pa., and the North 
Pennsylvania R/aUroad thence to Philadelphia. This line com- 

5 



NJSW YOUK to WASHINGTON. 

xnenced running May 1st, 1876, and conveys passengers through 
from New York to Philadelphia without change of cars. The 
terminal passenger depots are at the foot of Liberty St. in New 
York, and at the corner of Berks and American streets in Phila- 
delphia, 

3. By the Amhoy Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad the pas- 
senger may take the main line to Trenton, thence by way of 
Bordentown and Burlington to Camden, and cross by ferry to the 
foot of Market St., Philadelphia ; or he may take a steamboat to 
South Amboy, a pleasant sail of thirty miles, and go from there 
by rail through Jamesburg and Hightstown to Bordentown, and 
to Camden by the route above mentioned. 

4. A pleasant route in the summer is by the New Jersey Southern 
Railway^ running from Sandy Hook by way of Atlanticville, 
Long Branch, Bricksburg and Manchester to Camden, where pas- 
sengers cross the ferry to the foot of Market St.. Philadelphia. 
The connection between New York and Sandy Hook is made by 
steamers from Pier 8, North River, which connect with all the 
trains. 



NEW YORK TO PHILADELPHIA. 

VIA PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD — NEW YORK DIVISION. 

Distance 90 Miles. 

It will be seeu by reference to the map that the railway consti- 
tuting this line forms a nearly direct route between these two 
cities. Almost in the direction of the prolongation of the line of 
this route toward the northwest are the important cities of New 
Haven, Providence, Boston, Salem, and Portland, while its pro- 
longation in the opposite direction will range almost directly 
toward Baltimore and Washington, where connections are made 
by railroad and steamboat with all the important Southern cities. 
Besides the Southern connections of this great railway, it forms a 
part of two of the four great railway lines from New- York to the 
Mississippi Valley, namely, those known as the "Pennsylvania 
Central" and the "Baltimore and Ohio" routes. Its through 
travel from New-York to points beyond Philadelphia connects 
without change of cars with the Pennsylvania Central and the 
Baltimore roads for the West and South. 

The New-York and Philadelphia line comprised four different 
companies, whose interests were consolidated. By an act of the 
Legislature of New Jersey, passed February 15th, 1831, the Dela- 
loare and Raritan Canal and the Camden and A7nboy Railroad 
Companies^ which were chartered in 1830, Avere, with the consent of 
seven-eighths of the stock of each, united in effect into one com- 
pany, and were thenceforward commonly known as the ''Joint 
Companies." By an agreement, dated April 22d, 1886, between 
the "Joint Companies" and the PkHadelphia and Trenton Rail- 
road Company^ the net profits of these companies were to be 
divided share and share alike. By an agreement between the 
"Joint Companies" and the New Jersey Railroad Company^ dated 
January 28th, 1867, confirmed by act of the Legislature, and by 

7 




Broadway, New York, 

ZiOOKINO SOUTH FROM BABCLAT STBEKT AHD TH£ NEW POST OFnCS. 



NEW YORK TO WASHING TOy. 

the assent of two thirds of the stock of each of the companies 
interested, the New Jersey Railroad Compary was united to the 
Joint Companies in substantially the same manner as the orig^inal 
"Joint Companies" were with each other. The four companies 
were thus united in interest as if they were consolidated into one 
company. In 1873, these companies executed a lease to the Penn- 
sylvania Railroad Company by which, for the payment of an 
annual rental of ten per cent, of the capital stock of the several 
roads to be paid by the Pennsylvania R, R. Co. , they ceded to the 
latter company the entire control of their roads, canals, rolling 
stock, depots, etc. , so that it is now under one management from 
New York to Chicago. 

NEW YORK. 

The passenger stations of the Pennsylvania Railroad are at the 
Jersey City Ferries on West street, at the foot of Cortlandt street, 
and at the foot of Desbrosses street. Street cars run up and 
down West street, connecting at South Ferry with the east, side 
cars, and thus with all the ferries around the city ; also, by the 
Cross-toicti routes, with the entire system of street railroads. 
(For full particulars of all the ferries, city railroads, omnibuses, 
etc., see laintofs New York City Guide.) After purchasing his 
ticket at the oflBce on the New York side of the river, the pas- 
senger takes his seat in the ferry-boat, and is rapidly conveyed 
across the Hudson River to Jersey City. From the river a fine 
view of New York City is afforded, with its long line of wharves 
and shipping, and a solid background of brick warehouses, stores, 
manufactories, and residences, interspersed with frequent church- 
spires. On the west side of the river, here about one mile wide, 
may be seen Jersey City^ Iloboken^ and the commencement of the 
Palisades, which form a bold bluff toward the north, as far as tlie 
eye can reach — a fitting gateway to this noble and beautiful river, 
often aptly called the " Rhine of America." Looking toward the 
south, we have a magnificent view of New York Bay, v/ith its for- 
tified islands, and the surrounding shores of Long Island, Staten 
Island, and Bergen Point, covered with elegant residences. 
The sail is too brief to allow more than a few passing glances. 



]^SW YORK TO WASHINGTON. 

JERSEY CITY. 
Jersey City, Hudson Co., N. J.,\ m. fr. JV. Y. Fr. PJiila. 89. 
Population about 100,000. 
This important suburb of New York is situated on the west 
"bank of the Hudson or North River, at its entrance into New 
York Bay. The river here is about a mile in width ; but its 
expansion into New York Bay, below the city, gives a water- 
front on the south as well as on the east. Jersey City, to which 
the cities of Bergen and Hudson City were annexed in 1870, is, 
next to Newark, the largest city in New Jersey. The water- 
front of the city is over three miles in extent, two of which are 
directly opposite the most valuable water-front of New York 
City, the remainder fronting south, as already stated. The princi- 
pal business portion of the city lies along the river, and extends 
back to the foot of the bluff known here as Bergen Hill, which is 
an extension of the Palisades of the Hudson. In the northern 
part of the city the bluff is over one hundred feet high, the top 
forming a level tract nearly a mile in width. Two railway tun- 
nels have been cut through the hill, one by the Erie Railway 
Company, the other by the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western. 
The Pennsylvania Railroad, however, crosses the hill through an 
open cut. The streets are broad, handsome, and regularly laid 
out, crossing each other at right angles. They are lighted with 
gas, and supplied with water by an aqueduct from the Passaic 
River, seven miles distant. The reservoir is on Bergen HiU, two 
miles west of the Hudson River. The business of the city is 
large, and rapidly increasing. It has manufactories of glass, 
black lead, pottery and porcelain ware, besides several extensive 
iron-foundries and machine-shops. It possesses extraordinary 
advantages in its position, being the initial point of imjDortant 
lines of railway diverging from the great metropolis of the coun- 
try, and, by their connections, bringing in the trade of nearly the 
whole United St^ates, and of steamers sailing both to foreign and 
domestic ports. It is evidently destined to become one of the 
most important commercial cities of the Union. It is the eastern 
terminus of four important railroads : the Pennsylvania Railroad, 
leading to Philadelphia ; the Central Railroad of New Jersey, 
passing across the State to Easton ; the Erie Railway, running 
1* 9 



NEW TOEK TO WASHIJSGTON. 

north-west ; and the New York and New Jersey Midland Railroad, 
running to Oswego, New York. Besides these railroads, the 
Morris Canal, 101 miles in length, forms another avenue of com- 
munication between the Hudson and the Delaware Rivers. This 
canal has a large basin for its numerous boats immediately north 
of the Central Railroad depot. The Cunard Royal Mail Steam-' 
ship Company have their wharves and storehouses here. 

NEWARK. 

Newark, Essex County, N. J"., 9 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Phi a. 81. 
F(ypukit'mi, 125,000. 
. The city of Newark is the largest in the State, and the tenth 
city in size, in the United States. It is situated on the right bank 
of the Passaic River, four miles from its entrance into Newark 
Bay, and this has direct water communication with New York 
Bay. It is built chiefly on a plain, terminated on the west by a 
ridge of land, extending from its northern to its southern extre- 
mity. It is regularly and handsomely laid out, with wide, straight 
streets, intersecting at right angles, and everywhere shaded with 
a profusion of magnificent elms, which line both sides of its streets 
in unbroken ranks. Broad street, the principal business thorough- 
fare, is 120 feet in width and extends through the entire length of 
the city, dividing it into two nearly equal parts. Crossing Broad 
street near its centre, is Market street, another important avenue 
of trade. Above Market street, and bordering on Broad, are two 
beautiful public squares, called " Washington" and ''MOitary" 
Parks, each adorned with a profusion of shade-trees. In the 
lower part of the city is the " South Park," younger than the 
other two, and containing only trees of recent growth. 

Among its 'puhlk, buildings are the Court- House, a large and 
handsome brown- stone edifice, in the Egyptian style of architec- 
ture, at the intersection of Market and High streets. The build- 
ing of the Library Association, containing a library of over 12,000 
volumes, is one of the finest in the city. Besides apartments for 
the library, it contains a large hall for public lectures and con- 
certs. The Custom-House, Post-Office, and City Hall will also 
attract attention. The Newark Academy is a fine brick building, 
situated on the most elegant part of High street, and is surrounded 
by pleasant grounds, where an extended view is obtaiued of the 

10 



NUW YORK TO W ASHING TOK 

Passaic Valley. The city of Newark contains seventy-five 
churches, lifting their spires skyward, and deserves the cogno- 
men of "The City of Churches" equally with its sister city, 
Brooklyn, Among the most prominent are the Presbyterian on 
High street, the Methodist on Church street, the Episcopal on 
Broad street, and the St. James' Cathedral. The building occu- 
pied by the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company is one of the 
finest in the State. 

Newark owes its rapid growth chiefly to its extensive manufac- 
tories, numbering nearly eight hundred, and causing it to rank as 
the third city of the Union in manufacturing importance. The 
amount of capital employed in these pursuits is between ten and 
eleven millions of dollars, while the value of manufactured articles 
aggregates more than twenty- one millions annually. Approach- 
ing the city, Fagiii's Flour-miU rises prominently in view, to the 
south on the river bank. The building is immense, the largest 
establishment of the kind, probably, in the world, being 156 feet 
or twelve stories high, and 85 feet wide by 150 feet long. It is 
not only a monster grain elevator, but also a " huge hive of in- 
dustry," turning out 2000 barrels of flour daily. The chimney 
at its side is 175 feet high. 

Nearer the railroad bridge is Ballantine's huge Brewery^ where 
thousands of barrels of ale are manufactured annually. North of 
the railroad bridge are the factories of the Clark '■'' O.N. T." Thread 
Company —one of the largest thread works in the country, giving 
employment to 750 girls — and the Rankin Mills. Besides these, 
there are in Newark establishments for the production of India- 
rubber goods, carriages, paper, machinery, castings, boots and 
shoes, etc In the manufacture ot jewelry this city is perhaps not 
surpassed by any in the United States, while in all the various 
branches of industry it presents a most busy and prosperous ap- 
pearance. Here are some very celebrated broiDii stone quarries, 
which furnish great quantities of building material for New York 
stores and residences, as well as for home consumption. In its 
commerce, Newark is limited chiefly to the coasting trade, the 
Passaic River being navigable only for vessels of light draught. 
En the Autumn of each y ear,an Industrial Exhibition or Fair is held, 
continuing several weeks, at which the various manufacturing 

K 



NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON-. 

interests of the city are exhibited, in actual operation, forming a 
most interesting and instructive exhibit, and attracting thou- 
sands of visitors from neighboring cities. 

A number of the principal streets of Newark are lined with 
magnificent old elms, and in the vicinity of the city are many 
pleasant drives and walks. The shore of the Passaic River is 
lined with many beautiful villas and elegant residences, which 
are seldom surpassed in the taste and costliness of their orna- 
mentation. Among the more interesting of these is " Kearney 
Place," the residence of the late General Kearney, one of the na- 
tion's gallant defenders during the late war. It stands in a forest, 
and is built in the French style of architecture. On the opposite 
shore from Kearney Place stands the ancient house, immor- 
talized by Washington Ir%'ing in the Salmagundi, under the title 
of ''■Cockloft Hall.'''' Just beyond are the " Cedars,^'' the former 
home of Henry William Herbert, known in literary circles as 
" Frank Fori' ester.'''' Here he lived an almost hermit life, de- 
voted to literature and dissipation, and here died. Mount Fleas- 
ant Cemetery, north of the city, embraces thirty-five acres of 
pleasantly undulating grounds, with smooth, winding avenues, 
and a deluge of flowers that load the air with a grateful perfume. 

Newark was settled in 1666 by a company of Puritan families 
from New Haven and adjoining colonies, the influence of whoae 
character is moulding the future of the town is witnessed at the 
present day in the marked morality and respect for religious ob- 
servances that distinguish this city above others. It has a large 
foreign population, and is the see of a Roman Catholic Bishop. 

The Morris and Essex Division of the Delaware and Lackawanna 
Railroad, running from New York to Easton, passes through the 
northern part of the city. The Newark and Bloomfield Railway 
connects with the pleasant suburban towns of Roseville, Bloom- 
field, and Mount Clair, while horse railroads run to Belleville, 
Clinton, Orange, and other adjoining places. The Pennsylvania 
Railroad has three stations within the limits of Newark — the 
Centre Street Station, near where the railroad first enters the city 
after crossing the Passaic River; the Market Street Station, near 
the business centre of the city ; and the Chestnut Street or Wa- 
v&iiey Station, in the southern part of the city. The Market 

13 



NEW YOUK TO WASHrNOTOX. 

Street Station is the one at which the through trains stop, the 
others being for the accommodation of residents doing business in 
New York, etc. Branches of the Central Railroad of New Jersey 
connect Newark with New York, Elizabeth and Long Branch, and 
the Newark Branch of the Erie Railroad passes through the 
northern part of the city, running from New York to Paterson, 
where it connects with the main line. The Morris Canal passes 
through the city, and a passenger steamboat plies daily to and 
from New York, by way of the Passaic River and Newark Bay. 

WAVERLEY. 

Essex Co., N. J"., 12 m. fr. N. Y. Fi\ PMa. 78. Pop. 500. 

The New Jersey State Fair grounds are located here, and an 
Agricultural and Industrial Fair is held every Autumn, continuing 
one or two weeks. About half a mile west from the station is 
Weequahick Lake., a beautiful sheet of water about a mile in 
length. It is surrounded by gently sloping hills, upon some of 
which handsome residences have been erected. 
NORTH-ELIZABETH. 

Elizabeth, Union Co., N. J., U 7n. fr. JST. Y. Fr. PJiila. 76. 

This station accommodates the northern portion of the city of 
Elizabeth, and the eastern part of Union township. Evergreen 
Cemetery, about one mile north of the station, is very tastefully 
laid out. It is partly in Clifton and partly in Elizabeth. 

ELIZABETH. 

Vnion Co., N. J., 15 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. PJiila. 75. Pop. 25,000. 
The city of Elizabeth, upon Elizabethtown Creek, two miles 
from its entrance into Staten Island Sound, was once the capital 
and chief town of New Jersey. It is still the capital of Union 
county, and a favorite residence of many merchants and others 
doing business in New York. It is one of the older towns of the 
State, its settlement dating back to 1664. It was incorporated in 
1739, and long bore the name of the " Old Borough.^'' Governor 
Carteret made it the place of his residence. It has a pleasant 
situation on elevated ground, and is regularly laid out with broad, 
straight streets, finely shaded, and intersecting at right angles. 
It bears an honorable record for its patriotism and zeal during the 
Eevolution, having furnished to the patriot forces under Wash- 

13 



NEW YORK TO WASHING TOK 

ington a large number of volunteers, who exhibited the loftiest 
spirit of self-sacrifice. General Winfield Scott had a residence 
here during his later years. Elizabeth contains numerous churches, 
several banks, and a number of English and classical schools of 
high reputation. Although not noted for the extent of its manu- 
factures, it has three establishments for the manufacture of oil- 
cloths, which are the largest in the world. The College of New 
Jersey was founded here in 1746, the Rev. Jonathan Dickinson 
being its first President. This institution was afterwards removed 
to Newark, and thence to Princeton, where it enjoys a great de- 
gree of prosperity. This city has long been noted for its educa- 
tional advantages, and for its intelligent and refined society. It 
is rapidly being built up with beautiful dwellings and country- 
seats, and is becoming populous and wealthy. Here the Central 
Railway intersects the Pennsylvania Railroad, and more trains 
pass through it daily than any other town in the United States, 
affording communication with New York at intervals of only a few 
minutes. A short distance south-east of the city is Elizabeth- 
port, a thriving manufacturing town, and a great coal depot, 
situated on the Kills opposite Staten Island. 

SOUTH-ELIZABETH. 

Elizabeth, Unioii Co., N. J., 16 m.fr. N. T. Fr. Phila. 74. 

This is the south-western part of the city, where the avenue 
called Bay Way intersects the railroad. This avenue is laid out 
to extend to the Staten Island Sound, about two miles south-east.. 

LINDEN. 

Union Co., N. J., 18 m. fr. N. T. Fi\ Phila. 72. P(yp. 300. 

Formerly called Wheat- Sheaf Station. The village of Wheat- 
Sheaf, now called Linden, is about a mile west of the station. 
The country level, and mostly devoted to agricultural purposes. 
Morse's Creek, which crosses the railroad near here, runs into 
Staten Island Sound about two miles to the east. 

RAHWAY. 

Union Co., N. J., 20m.fr. NewYork. Fr. Phila. 70. Pop. 10,000. 

The city of Rahway is situated on both sides of the Rahway 

River, about four miles from its entrance into Staten Island 

Sound. The river is navigable for schooners and smaller vessels, 

14 



I^EW YORK TO WASHINGTON. 

as far as the city. Rahway has a boarding-school for girls, called 
the Rahway Female Institute ; a classical boarding-school for boys, 
and a union free school ; also nine churches, two banks, an insur- 
ance office, etc. Rahway is noted chiefly for its extensive manu- 
facture of carriages. Before the late war three thousand carriages 
were made annually for the Southern market. There are also 
manufactories of hats, stoves and stone-ware, a large muslin 
printing establishment, an iron foundry and a manufactory of felt 
cloth. The Perth Avibot/ and Woodbrldge Railroad extends from 
here through the village of Woodbrldge to the flourishing borough 
of Perth Amboy^ north of the mouth of Raritan River and on the 
west side of Stateu Island Sound, opposite the south-western end 
of Staten Island. 

UNIONTOWN. 
Middlesex Co., N. J., 23m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Phila. 67. Pop. 300. 
A station on the west side of the South-Branch River. Here is 
a small village, containing a public school. Considerable agricul- 
tural produce from the adjoining country is sent to the various 
markets from Uniontown. 

METUCHEN. 

Middlesex Co., N. J"., 27 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Phila. 63. Pop. 500. 
A very pleasant and rapidly growing village, containing some 
fine residences. Fruit-growing is a prominent pursuit in this vi- 
cinity, which abounds with peach-orchards and many fine farms. 

NEW-BRUNSWICK. 

Middlesex Co..N. J", 32 m. fr. K. Y. Fr. Phila. 58. Pop, 20,000. 
This city, the capital of Middlesex county, is situated on the 
right bank of the Raritan River, which is here crossed by a sub- 
stantial bridge, 1000 feet long, resting upon eleven abutments, and 
built of wood. In the immediate vicinity of the river the ground 
is low, but rises rapidly as it recedes. The upper part of the town 
is laid out with broad and handsome streets, and contains many 
elegant residences, surrounded by beautiful gardens. Across the 
river, is what is called Fast Bru/iswicJc, where the elevated shore 
is lined with elegant viUas and country-seats, commanding charm- 
ing views of the river and surrounding country. New Brunswick 
contains three banks, two carriage manufactories, a flouring-mill, 

15 



I^BW YORK TO WASHING TOK 

four saddle and harness maaufactodes, an establishment for the 
making- of hosiery, three machine-shops, a paper manufactory, 
three extensive india-rubber manufactories, a pottery, thirteen 
churches, and two newspaper oflQces, Its facilities for manufac- 
ture are excellent, and its site is pleasant and attractive. The 
outlet of the Delaware and Raritan Canal is at the head of tide- 
water, about two miles above the town. This is the eastern ter- 
minus of this canal, which extends to Bordentown, 42 miles. A 
branch railway also extends from New Brunswick to Millstone. 
Here, on an elevated site, quite near the railroad station, is RuT- 
GEKs' College, an important educational institution, recently 
favored with liberal additions to its endowments, and in a prosper- 
ous condition. Its charter was granted in 1770, by Georg-e III., 
when it was called "Queen's College," in honor of his consort. 
This name was dropped, however, and the present one substituted 
in 1825, at the request of the trustees, in honor of Colonel Henry 
Rutgers, of New York, who had bestowed many liberal pecuniary 
donations upon it. The college grounds are pleasantly shaded and 
tastefully arranged. A short distance west of the college, on an- 
other elevation, is " Hartzog Hall,^'' a theological seminary of the 
Reformed Church. The building is of brick, three stories high, 
with a cupola surmounting its top, and has a pleasant location. 
It received its name from a Mrs. Hartzog of New York, who gave 
a large sum of money towards its establishment. It has a high 
reputation throughout the State, and is in a flourishing condition. 
In the vicinity of New Brunswick considerable quantities of cop- 
per ore have been found. A mine was formerly extensively worked 
here, but is now abandoned, having been found unprofitable. The 
site of the city of New Brunswick was a dense wDdemess no fur- 
ther back than the close of the seventeenth century, when it was 
called the "Prigmore Swamp," after the owner of the property. 
The earliest settlers came to the place from Long Island, and, 
during 1730, several Dutch families moved here from Albany, 
bringing with them material with which to erect dwelling-houses. 
Many of the first houses were erected on Albany street, the post- 
road passing through the town, and which is now a well-paved 
thoroughfare, upon which stand many elegant and commodious 
buildings. New Brunswick is at the he,ad of navigation on the 

16 



NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. 

Raritan River. It is also the eastern termiiins of the Delaware 
and Raritan Canal, extending 42 miles to Bordentown, and is the 
eastern terminus of the Millstone and New Brunswick Railroad. 

MONMOUTH JUNCTION. 

8. Brunsicick, Middlesex Co., 40 in. fr. N. Y. Fr. Phila., 50. 
In South Brunswick township, is situated on Laurence's Brook, 
which empties into the Raritan River below New Brunswick, and 
affords considerable water-power. Here are a distillery, a tannery 
a grist-mill, and a saw-mill. From here branch railroads extend 
in both directions ; west to Kingsto7i, five miles, and Ihcky Hill, 
two miles further ; and east six miles to Janiesbiirg, the seat of 
the Statp Reform School, connecting with the main line of the 
Amboy Division, formerly the Camden and Amboy Railroad, and 
also connecting with the Freehold and Jamesburg R. R., extendr 
ing 12 miles to Freehold, the county seat of Monmouth county. 

PLAINSBORO, 

S. Brumicick, Middlesex Co. , iV. J"., 45 ?/i. //•. K Y. Fr. Phila. 45. 

An unimportant station in a farming locality. 
PRINCETON JUNCTION, 
Princeton, Mercer Co., N. J., 48 wi. fr. N. Y. Fr. Phila. 45. 

Formerly the railroad followed the bank of the canal through 
the town of Princeton, which is here seen upon the hills about 
three miles to the north. The present route f o ms a nearly 
straight line from Monmouth Junction to Trenton. A branch 
track conveys passengers from the station to Princeton. 

PRINCETON, 

Mercer Co., N. J., 50 m. fr. iV. Y. Fr. Phila. 47. Poj). 2,000. 
Is a pleasant city, situated on an elevated ridge, which 
rises by a long declivity, commanding an extensive and pleas- 
ant prospect toward the east and south. It is remarkable 
for the silabrity of its climate, the beauty of its villas, and the 
general neatness of its buildings. It was incorporated as a 
borough in 1813, and recently as a city. Princeton was the 
scene of a battle, quite important in its results, between the 
forces of Cornwallis and "Washington, Jan. 3d, 1777. After the 
battle of Trenton, and Washington had crossed the Delaware river 
a second time, and taken post in that town, Cornwallis, who had 

17 



NEW YORK TO WASJimOTOy. 

been encamped at Princeton, marched with the better part of his 
forces to attack the American troops. Arriving at Trenton at 
night-fall, after a fatiguing march, owing to the inclemency of 
the weather, he deferred his attack until morning. Washington, 
leaving sentries to keep camp fires biirnmg, and a small body of 
troops to deceive the enemy by throwing up eaith-works, 
marched about midnight to attack the British forces remaining 
there. He arrived near there in the morning, and while General 
Mercer with a part of his troops marched along the direct route. 
Washington with the remainder took another road. Mercer soon 
encountered Colonel Mawhcod with two regiments on his way to 
join Corn wallis, and the American forces were being worsted,' 
when Washington came up, and after a short but sharp contest 
the British were defeated. 

It has long been distinguished as the seat of Princeton College^ 
one of the first literary institutions of the kind in this country. 
This college was founded in 1746, by the Presbyterians, at Eliza- 
bethtown, and was removed to this place in 1757, where, for 
more than a century, it has maintained a high reputation as a 
seat of literature and science. A theological seminary of the 
Presbyterian church was formed here in 1813. 

LAWRENCE. 

Lawrence, Meixer Co., N. J., 53 m. fr. N. T. Ft. Phila. 37. 
This station is near the south-east comer of the township, on 
the Assanpink, which forms its southern boundary. Here are a 
grist-mill, saw-mill, etc. 

TRENTON. 

fiercer Co., N. J"., 48 m. fr. N. T. Fr. PMla. 32. P(yp. 40,000. 
The city of Trenton, the capital of the State of New Jersey, 
and the seat of justice of Mercer countj^ was first settled in 1720, 
incorporated as a city in 1792, and derives its name from its foun- 
der, William Trent. It is situated on the left bank «f the Dela- 
ware River, at the head of steamboat navigation. It is regularly 
laid out, and contains many fine stores, public buildings, and resi- 
dences. Trenton is well located for manufacturing purposes, 
having abundance of permanent water power, obtained from the 
falls on the Delaware, which are made available by a canal ex- 
tending from a point three or four miles above. Among the prin- 

18 



J^^JEJW YORK TO WASHINQTOK 

<ripal manufactures are those of paper, leather, lumber, machin- 
ery of all kinds, steam-engines, railroad-iron, locomotives, wire- 
rope, cotton goods, etc. There are also several flouring, grist, 
and saw mills, etc. An air of neatness, industry, and thrift in- 
vests the whole city, and on many of its finer streets are the resi- 
dences of wealthy citizens, constructed with imposing architec- 
tural effect, and surrounded with ample and tastefully arranged 
grounds. The Capitol building^ located between State street and 
the Delaware River, is a handsome stone building, 100 feet long 
and 80 feet wide, commanding a fine view up and down the river. 
The cost of its erection was defrayed out of the revenues derived 
by the State from the United Eailroad and Canal Companies, as 
was that of the Penitentiary and other public buildings. The 
State Penitentiary is a large building on Federal street, between 
Second and Third streets. The State Arsenal is just south of 
the Penitentiary. The State Lunatic Asylum is a well-conducted 
institution, situated some two or three miles above Trenton, near 
the Delaware River, in the township of Ewing. Trenton was the 
scene of one of the most important battles of the Revolution, 
which took place Dec. 26th, 1776. At this time, Washington, 
having during the previous night crossed the Delaware in a severe 
storm, surprised a numerous body of Hessians, stationed at Tren- 
ton, and succeeded in capturing a large portion of them. This 
success following so closely after Washington's disastrous retreat 
across the state, and while the British officers flushed with their 
rictories considered the war ended, and the country was corres- 
pondingly disheartened, infused new spirit into the troops and 
created great rejoicing all over the country. Upon Trenton 
bridge, twelve years after this victory, occurred the memorable 
and beautiful reception of Washington, while on his way from 
New York to Mount Vernon, when his pathway was strewed with 
flowers by the ladies of the place. White Hall, which was used 
as barracks by the Hessian soldiers, is still to be seen on the south 
side of Front street. The Belvidere Delaioare Railroad, extends 
from here up the Delaware River, through Lambertville, in Hun- 
terdon county, Phillipsburg, in Warren county, opposite Easton, 
Pa. , and Belvidere, also in Warren county, to Manunka Chunk, 
where it connects with the Delaware, Lackawanna, and Western 

19 



NEW YORK TO WASffiyGTOiV. 

Railroad, extending north-westerly through the Delaware Water 
Gap to Scranton, in the Lackawanna coal region, and to Great 
Bend on tlie Erie Railway. This R.R. afEords a very convenient 
northern route from Philadelphia to the coal regions, and to the 
north and west. The Delaware and Rantan Canal passes through 
this city and along the bank of the Delaware River to Bordentown, 
six miles below where it connects with the Delaware River. Im- 
mediately after leaving Trenton the railroad crosses the Delaware 
River into Pennsylvania by a covered bridge 1100 feet in length. 
This bridge is composed of five immense arched trusses, resting 
on stone piers of great strength. It is the only bridge which suc- 
cessfully withstood the great flood in January, 1841, out of all 
those crossing into Bucks county, Pa. It was built in 1 80G by an 
incorporated company, but is now controlled by the Raihoad Co. 

THE DELAWARE RIVER, 

Called by the Indians, '■'' Makerkhitton^'''' rises in New York, on 
the western declivity of the Catskill Mountains, by two branches, 
which, after flowing south-westerly for more than 70 miles 
through deep and narrow mountain ravines, unite at the village 
of Hancock, on the Erie Railway, near the north-east corner of 
Pennsylvania. From thence, for 75 miles, it flows south-easterly, 
forming the boundary between the States of New York and Penn- 
sylvania, to Port Jervis, at the north-west corner of New-Jersey, 
and between New Jersey and Pennsylvania below that point to 
its mouth. Just below Port Jervis it reaches the foot of the Blue 
Ridge or Kittatinny Mountain, also called in New York the 
Shaimngunk Mountain. Here its course again changes to the 
south-west, and it runs along the foot of the mountain as if seek- 
ing a passage, which at length it finds at the Water Gap. Turn- 
ing toward the south, it passes through the Gap, again turns 
south-west, and at Easton, 27 miles below, it sweeps around to 
the south-east, passing through the ranges known as South Moun- 
tain in Pennsylvania, and Scott Mountain, Pohatcong Mountain, 
etc. , in New Jersey. Continuing in a south easterly direction, it 
descends rapidly over a rocky bed in the vicinity of Trenton; 
then five miles below, at Bordentown, bends again to the south- 
west, where, having gradually increased in volume and size, it has 

130 



xVEW YOEK TO WASHINOTON: 

become a fine, navigable river, half a mile in width. Twenty -five 
miles below Bordentown it skirts the wharves of the city of Phila- 
delphia, bearing- upon its surface ships and steamers of the largest 
size, and finally empties its waters into the Delaware Bay, 40 miles 
below Philadelphia. Its entire length, from its source in the 
mountains to the Bay, is about 300 miles. The scenery above 
the Water Gap presents a remarkable contrast to that below it, 
being wild, rugged, and romantic, while the river below the Gap 
flows through a rich, level, and fertile region, and its banks are 
lined with thriving and populous villages, towns, and (jities. 
MORRISVILLE. 
Bucks Co., Pa., GO m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Phila. 30. Pop.bOQ. 
Situated on the Delaware River, opposite Trenton. Named 
in honor of Robert Morris, the eminent financier, and one 
of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, who re- 
sided here. It is a place of considerable business, and contains a 
hotel, several saw mills and lumber yards, and some pleasant resi- 
dences. The Delaware Division of the Pennsylvania Canal passes 
through the place. The celebrated French General Moreau lived 
several years at Morrisville. 

TULLY-TOWN. 

Bucks Co., Pa., 65 //'. JST. Y. Fr. Pliila. 25. Pop. 300. 
A growing village, containing a church, hotel, store, grist-mill, 
etc. About three miles east of this station is Pennsburg on the 
Delaware, which here makes a great sweep around to the east. 
Here William Penn at one time resided, and an old Brewery 
which he owned is still standing. 

BRISTOL. 

Bucks Co., Pa., 69 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Phila. 21. Pop. 5,000. 
This town was laid out in 1697, and was for some time the 
county-seat of Bucks county. It is still its largest town. The 
Delaware division of the Pennsylvania Canal terminates here. 
Large quantities of coal are brought down by this canal from the 
Lehigh regions above. The Delaware River, which is shallow and 
rapid in its descent for some distance above, is navigable for 
steamboats below. A mineral spring, possessing chalybeate qual- 
ities, has attracted some attention here. On the right of the 

21 



NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. 

railroad, near the canal, is a large iron furnace and rolling mill ; 
there is also a manufactory of agricultural implements. Bristol 
was formerly the terminus of the Philadelphia and Trenton Rail- 
road, the depot being on the river and connecting with a steam- 
boat to Philadelphia. On the east side of the Delaware River, 
nearly opposite, is the city of Burlington, N. J. 

SCHENCK'S STATION. | 

Bucks Co., Pa., 72 m. fr. iV". Y. Fr. PliUa. 18. 
On the east side of Neshaming Creek. Named after Dr. 
Schenck, the proprietor of a number of popular patent medicines, 
which are extensively advertised by signs, etc. , along the railway. 
EDINGTON. 
Backs Go., Pa., 73 m. fr. N. T. Fr. PMla. 17. 
A popular resort for picnics. In the vicinity are a number of 

pretty suburban villas. 

CORNWELL'S. 
Bucks Co., Pa., 74 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Phila. 16. 
A small station, in the neighborhood of which are a number of 
handsome villas. On the river, at the foot of the road passing 
the station, is Aurora Landing. 

ANDALUSIA. 

Bucks Co., Pa., 75 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Phila. 15. 

Another way station, surrounded by scattered country-seats. 

TORRESDALE. 

76 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. PUla. 14. 
This station is just within the county and city limits of Phila- 
delphia, the Poquessink Creek forming the boundary line. The 
village is on the left, pleasantly situated on the bank of the Dela- 
ware, in a fine suburban district. 

PENNEPACK. 

78 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Phila. 12. 
Another suburban station, with a fine church and some handsome 

dwellings in the vicinity. 

HOLMESBURG. 
79w./r. N. Y. Fr. Phila. 11. 
Holmesburg is half a mile north of the station, and is a pleas- 
ant suburban village with several saw and flouring mills on the 
Pennepack River. It contains several churches and many hand* 

some residences. 

22 



IV FW YORK TO WASHINGTON. 

TACONY. 

mn. fr. JSr. r. Fr. Phila. 10. 
The village is on the river bank, and was formerly the ter- 
minus of the Philadelphia and Trenton road, and passengers 
eastward were transferred to boats. 

WISSINOMING. 

Philadelphia, Pa., 81 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Phila. 9/ 
A suburban station, surrounded by handsome villas, and residen- 
ces of Philadelphia business men. On the south a pleasant view 
of the Delaware is afforded, betwe^en the large trees which line 
its bank. 

BRIDESBURG. 
Philadeliihia, Pa., mm. fr. N. T. Fr. Phila. 8. 
The village is about a mile south, on the bank of the river. 
The United States Arsenal is located here in the centre of the 
village. There are chemical works, brick yards, and other manu- 
factories here. The village is neat, and pleasantly shaded. 

FRANKFORD. 

Philadelphia, Pa., 83 m. fr. N. T, Fr. Phila., 7. 
An important manufacturing suburb of Philadelphia, containing 
manufactories of cotton and woolen goods, iron works, furnaces, 
flouring-mills, etc. The village lies a little north of the rail- 
road, and contains many handsome residences and churches. 
The route now diverges from the one leading to Ken- 
sington depot, and passes to the station'at West Philadelphia. 
A number of trains for Philadelphia, which do not continue south 
or west, still land x>assengers at the Kensington station, from 
whence street cars take them to various parts of the city. Through 
passengers pass around north and west of the built portions of the 
city, crossing the Richmond branch of the Reading Railroad, over 
which long trains of coal are constantly passing to the wharves at 
Port Richmond, also across the North Pennsylvania and the Nor- 
ristown and Gerraantown railroads. The Schuylkill River is 
crossed on a bridge of solid masonry, supported by three arches. 
In West Philadelphia, the road connects with the Pennsylvania 
Railroad Division. The station is on Market street, and street 
cars run across the Market-street bridge through the city to the 
Delaware River. 

2.5 



NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. 



PHILADELPHIA. 

Philadelphia is the largest city in area in the United States, 
and the second in population and wealth, and in the extent and 
variety of business carried on within its limits. 

HISTORY. 

William Penn, having obtained a grant from Charles II. of 
England, purchased the land now covered by the city of Phila- 
delphia from the Indians in 1682. This purchase was ratified by 
a treaty in due Indian form, under an elm tree, 'in the part of the 
city now called Kensington. He gave it the name of Philadelphia 
signifying brotherly love^ in part as an embodiment of the princi- 
ples he undertook to carry out in its settlement, and which are a 
part of the creed of the society of Friends, and partly after the 
ancient city of that name, whose church is spoken of in the book 
of Revelation. The city rapidly grew, and in 1084, three years 
after the first settlement was made, the population was 2,500. 
In the same year the first local government was organized. 

In 1701 it was incorporated as a city, receiving its charter from 
Penn, and it soon became the leading city in the country, con- 
tinuing the largest till after 1820, since which time it has been 
Fecond only to New York. The first Congress of the American 
States was held here, Sept. 4th, 1774, in Carpenter's Hall, a 
building which still stands in Carpenter's court, south of Chestnut 
street, below Fourth. 

It was the capital of the State until 1799 and was the seat of 
the Federal Government from 1790 till 1800. It was the scene 
of many important events during the Revolutionary war, being 
in possession of the British troops from September, 1777, to June, 
1778. The battle of Germantown was fought within the present 
limit of the city, October 4th, 1777. It was also herein Inde- 
pendence Hall, that the immortal Declaration of Independence 
was adopted. 

The rapid growth of Philadelphia, to its present proportions 
may be seen by the subjoined census returns of the population, 
from 1684 to 1870 : 

24 



NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. 

1684 2,500 1830 167,325 

1777 21,767 1840 258,037 

1790 42,520 1850 408,763 

1800 70,287 I860 565,529 

1810 96,287 1870 674,023 

1830 119,325 1875 (Estimated). 780,000 

LOCATION AND TOPOGRAPHY, 

Philadelphia is situated near the south-east comer of the State 
of Pensylvania, on the west bank of the Delaware River, at its 
junction with the Schuylkill, and about ninety miles above the 
entrance from the Atlantic Ocean into Delaware Bay. It is a 
nearly level plain, rising in the middle to a height of about sixty 
feet above high-water mark in the river. Its soil consists of clay, 
beneath which is found coarse gravel. The original city charter 
covered only the portion bounded on the north by Vine street, and 
on the south by Cedar street, extending across between the Dela- 
ware and Schuylkill rivers. In 1854, the adjoining districts of 
Spring Garden, Penn, Northern Liberties, Kensington, and Rich- 
mond on the north ; West- Philadelphia, etc., on the west, ; and 
South wark, Moyamensing, and Passayunk on the south, forming* 
the entire county of PJiiiadelpMa, were consolidated with the city 
under one municipal government. 

The present area of the city is 82,600 acres, or more than 129 
square miles, but a large portion of it is still in farm lands. Its 
greatest width East* and West is ten miles, and its greatest length 
from north-east to south-west, twenty- two miles. The compactly 
built portion is regularly laid out in squares, each measuring 
about one tenth of a mile. 

The main business thoroughfares are Market street, running 
east and west, and Broad street, running north and south, divid- 
ing the city into four quarters. The principal business portion 
of the city is, however, east of Broad street. The streets run- 
north and south are named in numerical order, coTimencing at 
the Delaware River, First or Front street, Second street. Third 
street, etc. ; north of Market street, they are called North First 
street, North Second street, etc. ; and sout'i of Market, they are 
named South First street. South Second street, etc. Many of 
2 25 



NEW YORK TO WASHING TOX. 

those rumiing east and west are named after different kinds of 
trees, etc., as Chestnut, Walnut, Pine, etc. The houses are num- 
bered by squares, commencing a new hundred with every square. 
From east to west the numbers commence at the Delaware River. 
North and south the numbering- commences at Market street and 
runs each way. Thus, on Market street, No. 540 would be be- 
tween Fifth and Sixth streets, while on North Third street. No. 
320 would come between Vine and Callowhill streets, this being 
the fourth b'ock above Market. For list of streets and numbers, 
see page 44. Chestnut street, next south of Market, is the 
principal retail business street and fashionable promenade. It is 
lined on both sides, from the Delaware River to Broad street, 
with magnificent stores, hotels, banks, and public buildings The 
commercial facilties of Philadelphia are of a high order. At a 
convenient distance from the ocean to communicate freely with 
a large and fertile inland region, its harbor is entirely safe, and 
can be reached by vessels of the largest size. It is even said that 
vessels too large to enter New- York harbor can readily enter here. 

MANUFACTURES. 

Philadelphia is pre-eminent among the cities of the United 
States for its manufactures. In its vicinity, and to some extent 
within its limits, immense water-power abounds, and the anthra- 
cite coal mines of the State afford a convenient and exhaustless 
supply of fuel for her steam-engines. Her laboring population is 
numerous, skilled, and industrious. These advantages with that 
of a large home market, offer inducements to the manufacturer 
that are rarely equaled elsewhere. Among the manufactures may 
be mentioned that of locomotives, whose excellent qualities are 
widely celebrated. Large numbers of them are exported. Forges, 
foundries, and almost every species of iron manufacture, abound 
in the suburbs. Sugar refining is also a very extensive business in 
Philadelphia. The suburb of Manayunk is almost wholly en- 
gaged in manufactures, principally of cotton and woolen goods, 
and carpets. IMore shoes are manufactured h^re for the South 
and West than in any other city in the United States. Great 
quantities of umbrellas and parasols are made, one house turning 
out 1000 and another 700 a day. Carts, wheelbarrows, and other 

26 



NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. 

vehicles and cabinet furniture are made and exported to the 
Southern States, the West-Indies, and to California. Ship build- 
ing, especially the building of steam propellers, is also carried on 
to a large extent, and a large number of hands are employed in 
lithographing, printing, book-binding and kindred trades 

TRADE AND COMMERCE. 

Philadelphia is the fourth city in the Union in the amount of 
its foreign commerce, and her coasting trade is rapidly increasing. 
Among articles exported, the principal are coal, iron manufactares 
of all kinds, cotton and cotton goods, wheat and other grain, and 
breadstuffs. The coal trade of Philadelphia forms a large por- 
tion of the coasting business. The Reading Railroad extends 
from the anthracite coal regions of the State to Philadelphia, 
which is the nearest port to them. This railroad has immense 
wharves extending for more than a mile along the Delaware River, 
and a very large portion of all the anthracite coal mined in the 
country is sent to this market. Indeed, a large part of the lands 
upon which the mining operations are carried on are owned by 
Philadelphia capitalists. The city itself is the owner of some of 
the most valuable portions of these coal lands, which were be- 
queathed to it by Stephen Girard. Philadelphia has always 
been distinguished for the stability, enterprise, and sterling 
integrity of its merchants. Originally founded by the Friends, 
its population was formerly made up principally of members of 
this sect, who were instrumental in building up its commercial 
reputation. It is familiarly known as the *' Quaker City.'''' 

PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 

One of the first public buildings which will attract the atten- 
tion of travelers is the old State House, or "Independence 
Hall," located in Independence Square, on the South side of 
Chestnut, between Fifth and Sixth streets. This is a some- 
what plain and substantial brick structure, and was built in 1734. 
It was in the East room of this building, on the first story, that the 
Declaration of Independence was passed by Congress, July 4th, 
1776. Few more important events than this, when considered in 
aJl its bearings, have happened in Modern History, and the build- 
er 



NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. 

ing is therefore a cherished object with Philadelphians, and to 
the country a national political shrine. 

The present steeple, erected in 1828, is a facsimile of the old 
one, which was removed on account of its decay. The hall in 
which the Declaration was signed is preserved in the same condi- 
tion it was in at that time. The old ' ' Liberty Bell " is kept here, 
and is a most interesting and hallowed relic. It was imported for 
this building in 1752, but, becoming cracked, was recast in this 
country, when the prophetic inscription which it bears was given 
to it. It is from Leviticus 25 : 10 : " Proclaim liberty throughout 
all the land, to all the inhabitants thereof." The Declaration of 
Independence was announced by the ringing of this bell. 

Old Congress Hall is situated on the south-east corner of Sixth 
and Chestnut streets, and is occupied by the Highway Commis- 
sioners, the Court of Quarter Sessions, and the Court of Common 
Pleas. This building was occupied by Congress, from 1790 to 1800, 
and in it Washington was inaugurated for the second term in 1793, 
and in 1797 President Adams and Vice President Jefferson. 

The City Hall., at the south-east corner of Fifth and Chestnut 
streets, was occupied while the Federal government was in Phila- 
delphia by the U. S. Supreme Court and the U. S. District Court, 
It is now used for the offices of the police and fire department, the 
Mayor, and the clerks of the city councils. 

The new City Hall, in process of construction at the junction of 
Broad and Market streets, will probably be the largest single 
building in the United states, covering an area of about four and 
a half acres. It was commenced in 1871 and will probably not be 
completed before 1881. Its entire cost is $10,000,000. 

2 he new Post Office is being built on the corner of Ninth and 
Chestnut streets. The material is granite and the style the 
French Renaissance. It is to be 428 feet long by 152 wide, and 
four stories in height. The cost is limited by the present appro- 
priation to four millions of dollars. 

The Custom House, formerly the U. S. Bank, on Chestnut street, 
above Fourth, is a splendid marble edifice, in imitation of the 
Parthenon at Athens, and one of the finest specimens of Doric 
architecture erected in modern times. It was commenced in 1819, 
completed in 1824, and cost $500,000. 



NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON: 

The Merchants' Exchange^ fronting on Walnut, Dock and Third 
streets, is a magnificent marble building, with semi-circular portico 
of Corinthian columns. The semi-rotunda, with a part of the main 
building, constitutes the great hall of the Exchange. 

The United States Mint, in Chestnut, near Broad street, is a 
handsome brick building, faced with marble. Its style of archi- 
tecture is an imitation of a Grecian temple of the Ionic order. 
Its front on Chestnut street is over 100 feet, and it extends back 
to Penn Square. The portico in front is sixty- two feet wide, and 
its entablature, which is of white marble, is supported by six 
marble columns. The main entrance is from Chestnut street, into 
a hall where jjersons connected with the institution are in attend- 
ance to escort visistors through the establishment. Visitors are 
admitted every week-day, except Saturday, between nine and 
twelve o'clock. The operations here carried on are exceedingly 
curious and interesting. A magnificent collection of the coins of 
all nations and ages may be seen in the cabinet of coins. 

The Post- Office is a substantial granite building, on Chestnut 
street, a little below Fifth. 

. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 

The University of Pennsylvania, in Ninth street, below Market, 
was established in 1750 as an academy. In 1779 it was erected 
into a university. It comprises four departments, namely, aca- 
demical, collegiate, medical and law. The professors are of the 
highest standing in the various departments, and the rank of the 
University is among the first in the country. The Governor of 
the State is, ex-officio, the president of the board of trustees, which 
consists of twenty-five members. The most flourishing depart- 
ment of the University is the medical, and the anatomical museum 
attached to it is one of the largest and most complete in the 
co-untry. Besides this University medical department, there are 
several medical colleges of high reputation. Among these are the 
Jefferson Medical College, in. Tenth street, above Walnut, having 
extensive hospital accommodations ; the PhiladelpJiia University 
of Medicine and Surgery, in Ninth street, below Locust ; the Col- 
lege of Physicians, north-east comer of Thirteenth and Locust 
streets, meeting monthly for discussions, etc. ; the Homeopathic 

29 



NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. 

Medical College of Pennsylvania.^ in Filbert, below Twelfth street ; 
the Female Medical College of Pennsylvania., the first college ever 
established for the medical education of women, in North College 
avenue, corner of Twenty-second street. 

Girard College is a magnificent institution, founded by Stephen 
Girard, who bequeathed $2,000,000 to the city of Philadelphia for 
the gratuitous instruction and support of destitute orphans. It 
is situated on Kidge avenue, north of Girard avenue, and its 
grounds occupy forty-one acres. There are five buQdings ; 
namely, the main college building, with two smaller buildings on 
each side, arrayed in a line extending east and west. The college 
building is constructed of white marble, in the form of a Grecian 
temple of the Corinthian order, entirely surrounded by lofty 
columns, and is a remarkably handsome building. The grounds 
are surrounded by a high wall, and the entrances are on the north 
and south fronts. About four hundred orphans are here accom- 
modated. Convenient access to this college is afforded by the 
Ridge-avenue street cars. 

The Public Schools of Philadelphia have been organized upon a 
very efiicient system, and have attained a high degree of excel- 
lence. There are over four hundred schools locate'd in nearly two 
hundred school buildings, about two thousand teachers, and over 
100,000 scholars. The Central High School, at the corner of 
Broad and Green streets, is a large and handsome building, with 
an extensive chemical laboratory, astronomical observatory, etc. 
There is also a Girls' High and Normal School on Sergeant street, 
between Ninth and Tenth. 

The School of Design for Women is located at the comer of 
Filbert and Merrick streets, and is open for visitors on Mondays 
from 10 A.M. to 12 M. The school was founded by Mrs. Peter, in 
1848, for the purpose of giving to women gratuitous instruction in 
all branches of mechanical drawing. The school is in a flourish- 
ing condition and is doing efficient work, nearly 200 pupils 
being in attendance. Besides these are a number of academical 
institutions, of wide repute, under the control of the various re- 
ligious denominations, among which may be mentioned the Pro- 
testant Episcopal Academy, corner of Locust and Juniper streets ; 
the Protestant Episcopcil Divinity School, corner of Thirty-ninth 

30 



NFW YORK TO WASRfiVOTOjY. 

and Walnut streets ; Lutheran Theological Seminary, 216 Frank- 
lin street ; Seminary of St. Vincent de Paul (Roman Catholic), 
Chew street, Germantown ; La Salle College (Roman Catholic), 
corner of Juniper and Filbert streets, and St. Joseph's College 
(Roman Catholic), 317 Willing's Alley. Two colleges established 
and controlled by the Society of Friends are located a short dis- 
tance from the city : Haverford College (Orthodox),. on the Penn- 
sylvania railroad, nine- miles out ; and Swarthmore College 
(Hicksite), about, fche same distance from the city, near Westdale 
Station, on the Westchester and Philadelphia railroad. 

PUBLIC LIBRARIES. 

The PhiladelpJiia Library^ established in 1731, principally 
through the efforts of Benjamin Franklin, has since increased by 
bequests and otherwise until it is now one of the most extensive 
in the country. It is located on Fifth, below Chestnut street, and 
is open daily, from 10 a.m. until sunset, for visitors. 

The Athenceum occupies a handsome building on the south-east 
comer of Sixth and Adelphi streets. It has a large library, a 
reading-room, chess-room, etc. 

The Mercantile Library is situated on Tenth street, north of 
Chester. It was founded in 1821 for the benefit of young men 
employed in the various mercantile establishments. It is the 
largest library in the city, containing 112,000 volumes of well- 
assorted books for popular reading. 

Besides these there are several other public libraries, including 
the German Library, on Seventh street, above Chestnut ; the 
Apprentices^ Library^ in the old Friends' meeting-house, corner of 
Fifth and Arch streets ; the Friends^ Free Library, 304 Arch 
street, SouthiDork Library, 765 South Second street ; Oirard 
Library, south-west corner of Sixth street and Girard avenue ; 
James Page Free Library, (jl-irard avenue, east of Shackamaxon 
street ; and the Friends' Association Library. There are also 
libraries connected with many of the literary, scientific, and reli- 
gious associations of the city. 

LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATIONS. 

The American PJdlosopJiical Society sprang from the famous 
*' Junto," a club organized in 1727, in which Benjamin Franklin 

3J. 



NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. 

was the leading spirit. Its rooms are in the building in Indepen- 
dence Square, jusb below Chestnut street on Fifth. It has a large 
library and an interesting collection of relics, including Thomas 
Jefferson's original draft of the Declaration of Independence. 

The Historical Society of Pennsylvania occupy rooms in the 
Athenceum Building, on Sixth and Adelphi streets. Here they 
have an in^oiesting museum and library. Open every Monday, 
from 8 A.M. to 10 p.m., except in July and August. 

The Academy of Natural Sciences will soon be removed from its 
old location, corner of Eroad and Sansom streets, to its new build- 
ing on Race street, opposite Logan Square. The cabinets of the 
society are rich in the various departments of natural history, 
zoology, botany, geology, and mineralogy, and the collections 
are said to form the best museum of the kind in the country. 
They include Dr. Morton's celebrated collection of crania. 

The Franklin Institute occupies a plain but substantial edifice 
on Seventh, abov<i Chestnut street, in which, for many years, 
lectures were delivered on mechanics, chemistry, and other 
sciences to large and intelligent audiences. 

The Journal of the F'ranldin Institute., the organ of this society, 
is one of the first scientific journals in the country. It is more 
particularly devoted to practical mechanics and engineering. 

The P?dladel2^>hia Society for tlie Promotion of Agriculture oc- 
cupies a 'building on the corner of Ninth and Walnut streets. The 
society was instituted in 1857, and is the oldest agricultural 
society in the country. It has published several volumes of its 
transactions, and has a fine cabinet and library. 

The Numismatic Society has a full and fine collection of coins, 
etc. , at its cabinet, 927 Market street. 

Among the numerous other associations of a literary and scien- 
tific character may be mentioned the Philadelphia Lyceum., south- 
east corner of Mnth and Spring Garden streets ; the Philadelphia 
City Institute., north-east corner of Eighteenth and Chestnut 
streets; the Sowing Garden Institute, corner of Spring Garden 
and Broad streets ; the Wagner Free Institute of Science., corner 
of Seventeenth street and Montgomery avenue ; the West Phila- 
delphia Institute, corner of Market and Thirty-ninth streets ; the 
Mayamensing Institute, comer of Eleventh and Gatharine streets ; 

33 



NEW YORK TO WASHIXQTON: 

and the Kensington Institute, corner of Richmond and Shacka- 
maxon streets. 

The Entomological Society occupies rooms at 518 South Thir- 
teenth street. It has a large cabinet of specimens, and the finest 
entomological library in the United Scates. 

The Zoological Society was instituted in 1859, and a porbion of 
Fairmouut Park was set apart for its use. It was not used by 
the Society, however, until 1874, when the Zoological gardens, 
which are noticed in another place, were opened. 

The Horticultural Society occupies a building on Broad street, 
near Spruce, It was organized in 1829, incorporated in 1831, and 
is the oldest society of the kind in the United States. It gives 
semi-annual exhibitions, and has a valuable library. 

FINE ARTS. 

The Pennsylvania Acadamy of Fine Arts occupies a fine new 
building on the corner of Broad and Cherry streets. It is built of 
brick and stone, in the Venetian style of architecture, and is one 
of the most beautiful buildings in the city. The first floor is de- 
voted to a lecture room, class rooms, and the galleries of models, 
etc. ; the second floor, to the galleries of marbles and paintings, 
which include many noted works of art. The society was incor- 
porated in 180G, and is the oldest institution devoted to the fine arts 
in the United States. Its first building was partially destroyed 
by fire in 1845, when some fine casts, presented by the first Napo- 
leon, were destroyed ; also, a valuable picture by Murillo, "The 
Roman Daughter," which was presented to the society by Joseph 
Bonaparte. An annual exhibition of new pictures is held, but the 
galleries are open throughout the year. 

The Philadelphia Sketch Club was founded in 1861, and occupies 
rooms at 524 Walnut Street. It has a gallery, and is a favorite 
resort for artists and amateurs. 

The Fairmount Park Art Association is devoted to beautifying 
Fairmount Park with works of art, and has placed there a num- 
ber of very fine bronze and marble statues. 

BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 

The Pennsylvania Hospital is the oldest in the city, being 
founded in 1752. It occupies the square between Pine, Spruce, 
2* 33 



NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. 

Eighth, and Mnth stxeets. It is surrounded by majestic trees, and 
exhibits considerable architectural beauty, though somewhat ven- 
erable in aspect. There are on the premises a hall for Surgical 
Clinics, and several other buildings. On the lawn facing Pine 
street, is a fine statue of William Penn. The whole revenue of 
this noble charity is devoted to the alleviation of the sufferings of 
the indigent poor. Visitors are admitted from 10 a.m. till sun- 
set, every day, except Sunday and the afternoon of Saturday. 

Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane. This is a branch of the 
Pennsylvania Hospital, and is located in West Philadelphia, Tdc- 
tween West Chester and Haverford roads, and its grounds, which 
are most beautifully adorned with trees, flowers, and shrubbery, 
embrace 113 acres. These grounds are divided into two parts, 
and on each of them a hospital building has been erected, capable 
of accommodating 250 patients, one being devoted to male and 
the other to female patients. The management of this institution 
is in accordance with the highest acquirements and refinements 
of modern medical and mental science, and a visit to it will be 
found instructive and interesting. The view from the dome of 
the female hospital is one of great beauty and extent. Market 
street cars pass the grounds. Visitors are admitted from 10 a.m. 
until sunset, except Sundays and Saturday afternoons. 

Friends'' Asylum for the Insane. This institution is located in 
the northern j^art of the city, near Frankf ord. It is supported by 
contributions from Friends and by the pay received from patients. 

Pennsylvania Deaf and Dumb Institution. This institution 
was founded in 1820 and the present edifice completed in 1825. 
it is located at the corner of Broad and Pine streets. The build- 
ing is of granite, measures 96 feet in front and extends back 235 
feet. It accommodates about 150 pupils, who are treated with 
every regard for their welfare and the improvement of their un- 
fortunate condition. Visitors are admitted on week days. 

Pennsylzania Institution for the Blind, situated at the north- 
west corner of Race and Twentieth streets, was founded by the 
State in 1883. Instruction given to the pupils in plain English 
branches. Particular attention is paid to music; and many of 
the pupils become so proficient that they are enabled to gain a 
livelihood by becoming organists, teachers of music, etc. They 

34 



NEW YOBK TO WASHINGTON. 

are also taught in various industries in the workshops. Visitors 
are admitted on application to the principal. On Wednesday 
afternoon, from three to five, concerts are given, accompanied by 
a full orchestra. A small admission fee is charged to avoid too 
great a crowd. The Race and Vine street cars pass the building. 

Philadelphia Alm<ihouse. This is a magnificent pile of build- 
ing-s, and is situated on a tract of land containing about 187 acres, 
belonging to the city, on the west bank of the Schuylkill River, 
south of Market street. It is built in the form of a hollow square, 
is three stories in. height, and the buildings on each side are 500 
feet in length. In the middle of the south front is an elegant 
portico in the Tuscan style of architecture, with six handsome col- 
umns. Connected with the almshouse is a Hosintal^ containing 
accommodation for over 600 patients. It is said to have one of 
the finest amphitheatres in the world, and during the winter 
months large classes in medicine and surgery receive practical in- 
struction here. The south-west side of the square is devoted to 
insane patients, accommodating between 400 and 500. To visit 
it, take the Chestnut and Walnut street cars as far as the Darby 
road, upon which the grounds are located. 

Wilbi' Hospital. This institution was founded by James Wills, 
who bequeathed to the city, for this purpose, $108,896. Its 
grounds occupy the entire square between Race, Cherry, 
Eighteenth and Nineteenth streets. It is devoted to the treat- 
ment of diseases of the eye. Logan Square is directly opposite, 
on the other side of Race street, and adds much to the desirability 
of its location. Visitors are admitted on application to the stew- 
axd. Race and Vine street cars pass the door. 

United States Naval Asylum. A retreat for invalid pensioners. 
It is situated on Gray's Ferry Road, just east of the Schuylkill 
River, and is built of Pennsylvania marble. The main building 
is 142 feet wide by 175 deep, and three stories high. It has a 
beautiful portico, consisting of eight Ionic columns. There are 
two wings, making the entire front 380 feet. There are also 
handsome residences for the Commodore and Surgeon. Cannon 
captured from the British in the war of the Revolution, and other 
trophies, are to be seen here. Visitors will take Lombard and 
South street cars as far as Gray's Ferry Road. 

35 



NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON, 

Preston Retreat. This was intended by its founder. Dr. Jonas 
Preston, as a Lying-in Hospital for indigent married women, but 
the year after liis death his estate became so crippled that nothing 
was done but to erect a building, which was for many years 
leased to the Foster Home. Finally the managers so increased 
the funds that remained, that they became available, and in 1866 
the building was opened for the purpose intended by the founder. 
It is one of the finest in the city, located on grounds occupying 
the entire square between Hamilton, Spring Garden, Twentieth 
and Twenty -first streets. Nineteenth street cars pass near it. 

House of Industry^ Catharine street, between Seventh and 
Eighth streets. This location is in the midst of the lowest and 
most destitute part of the population in Moyamensing District. 
The object of the institution is to afford employment, with occa- 
sional shelter and relief, to the needy. The lower story consists 
of a store where provisions, etc. , are sold at cost to the poor, a 
room used by the Moyamensing Soup Society, an office for the 
Moyamensing Dispensary,, and a free Bathing and Washing estab- 
lishment. In the second story are the workrooms ; the third is 
used for the well-known '' i^t/^'^^^^ School,,'''' while the fourth is 
divided into lodging-rooms for the shelter of homeless wanderers. 

It is hardly possible in a work of this kind to enumerate 
the many charitable institutions of this truly benevolent city, and 
in order to visit even the principal of them a stranger would be 
obliged to make quite an extended stay. The following alphabet- 
ical list will serve as a guide to the most important. 

CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS OF PHILADELPHIA. 



Asylum of Philadelphia Orphan So- 
ciety, Haddington. 

A-sylum of Little Sisters of the Poor, 
Eighteenth street, near Jefferson. 

Baptist Home for Women, corner Sev- 
enteenth and Norria streets. 

Burd Female Orphan Asyhim, Market 
street, 3)^ miles west of Market Street 
Bridge. 

Catholic Home for Destitute Orphan 
Girls, 1720 Race street. 

Charity Hospital, 1832 Hamilton street. 

Children's Home, corner Twelfth and 
Fitzwater streets. 

Children's Hospital, Twenty-second 
street, below Walnut. 



Christ Church Hospital for the Aged, 
corner York and Fiftieth streets. 

Church Home for Children, Angora 
station on Westchester Railroad. 

Colored Orphans' Shelter, corner For- 
ty-fourth and Hiiverford streets. 

Day Nursery for Children, 410 Blight 
street. 

Educational Home for Boys. Green- 
way avenue, near Forty-ninth street. 

Foster Home Association, Poplar 
street, near Twentj^-fourLh. 

Friends' Almshouse, Walnut street, 
between Third and Fourth. 

Friends' Asylum for the Insane, Adama 
street, near Frankford. 



36 



NEW YORK TO WASHING TOK 



German Hospital, corner Girard and 
Corinthian avenues. 

Germantown Hospital, Shoemaker 
lane, near Chew street, Germantown. 

German Eeforraed Orphan Asylum, 
Bridesburg. 

House for Aged and Infirm Colored 
Men and Women, Belmont and Girard 
avenues. 

Home for the Homeless, 70S Lombard 
street. 

Home for Destitute Colored Children, 
Darby Road, near Forty-sixth street. 

Homoeopathic Hospital, Cuthbert 
street, near Eleventh. 

Hospital of the University of Penn- 
sylvania, Spruce street, between Thirty- 
ty-fourth and Thirty-sixth. 

Hospital of I'rotestant Episcopal 
Church, corner Lehigh avenue and 
Front street. 

Howard Hospital, 1518 Lombard 
street. 

Indigent Widows' and Single Wo- 
men's Asylum, Cherry street, near Eight- 
eenth. 

Industrial Home for Girls, Twelfth 
street, below Spr.ice. 

Jewish Foster Home, 1431 North Fif- ' 
teenth street. 

Jewish Hospital, Olnev Road, near 
York Pike, I 

L-ncoln Institute for Boys, 303 South ' 
Eleventh street. j 

Lutheran Orphans" Home, German 
town. j 

Magdalen Asyhmi, corner Race and j 
Twenty-tirst streets. I 

Methodist Episcopal Home for the | 
Aged and Infirm, corner Lehigh avenue 
and Thirteenth street. 

Mission Hospital for Women and Chil- 
dren, corner Eighth and St. Mary streets. 

Municipal Hospital for Infectious Dis- 
eases, Hart lane, near Twenty-first 
street. 

Newsboys' Home, 221 Spruce street. 

Northern Home for Friendless Chil- 
dren, corner Twenty-third and Brown 
streets. 

Old Men's Home, Thirty-ninth street 
and Powelton avenue. 



Orthopaedic Hospital and Infirmary 

for Nervous Diseases, coi-ner Seventeenth 
and Summer streets. 

Penii Asylum for Indigent Widows 
and Single Women, corner Wood and 
West streets. 

Pennsylvania Blind Asylum, corner 
Twentieth and Race streets. 

Pennsylvania Deaf and Dumb Insti- 
tution, corner Broad a>-id Pine streets. 

Pennsylvania Hospital, corner Eighth 
and Pine streets. 

Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, 
West Philadelphia, between West Ches- 
ter and Haverford roads. 

Philadelphia Lying-in Asylum, 229 
Arch street. 

Philadelphia Almshouse, West Phila- 
delphia. 

Philadelphia Orphan Asylum, comer 
Race and Eighteenth streets. 

Presbytei-ian Hospital, corner Thirty- 
ninth and Filbert streets. 

Preston Retreat, corner Twentieth and 
Hamilton streets. 

State Hospital for Women and In- 
fants, 171S Filbert street. 

St. Ann's Widow's Asylum, Moyamen- 
sing road, near Christian street. 

St. Francis' Hospital, corner Fourth 
sti-eet and Girard avenue. 

St. John's Orphan Asylum, Westmin- 
ster avenue, near Forty-ninth street. 

St. Joseph's Female Orphan Asylum, 
corner Seventh and Spruce streets. 

St. Joseph's Ho^picid, Girard avenue, 
between Sixteenth and Sevent^ench 
streets. 

St. Mary's Hospital, corner Frankford 
road and Palmer street. 

St. Vincent's Orphan Asylum, corner 
Wood and Eighteenth streets. 

United States Naval Asylum, Gray's 
Ferry road. 

Western Home for Children, corner 
Forty-first and Venango streets. 

Widows' Asylum, corner Eighteenth 
and Cherry streets. 

Wills' Hospital, corner Eighteenh and 
Race streets. 

Woman's Hospital, corner Twenty- 
second street and North College avenue. 



PRISONS. 
The State Penitentiary for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, 
located on Fairmount Avenue, a little east of the Fairmounb 
Water-works, -n-as bniltin 1829. The g-rounds comprise a square 
tract of about eleven acres, formerly known as Cherry Hill Farm, 
and hence the prison is sometimes called Cherry Hill prison. 



NEW YORK TO WASHINOTON. 

They are enclosed by a stone wall thirty feet high. Visitors can 
obtain tickets of admission from the Mayor of the city, or from 
any of the Inspectors. Green and Coates street cars (green cars) 
pass the prison. The Cotmty Prison of Philadelphia is situated 
on the Passyunk Road, in what was formerly the Moyamensing 
district, about a mile south of the old city. It is constructed oi 
Quincy granite, in the Tudor Gothic style of architecture. Tickets 
of admission are obtained at the Mayor's office, corner of Fifth 
and Chestnut streets. Tenth street cars pass by the prison. 
The House of Refuge is at the corner of Twenty-second and 
Poplar streets, near the western end of the Girard College 
Grounds, and a little north of the State Penitentiary. Originally 
built by private liberality, it has been recognized by an act of the 
Legislature of the State. Visitors are admitted with tickets, 
which may be obtained from any of the Board of Managers. The 
Ridge avenue cars and the Green and Coates street cars pass quite 
near the building. 

The House of Correction^ for the reception of persons guilty of 
slight offences, is situated on the south bank of Pennypack Creek, 
at its junction with the Delaware River. It occupies a plot of 
ground of more than two hundred acres, most of which is devoted 
to farming purposes. The buildings are extensive, comprising a 
large main building and eight wings. It was "fully completed and 
opened in January, 1874. Tickets of admission may be had of 
any of the managers, and the institution may be reached by the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, stopping at Holmesburg station. 

PUBLIC SQUAKES AND PARKS. 

These are numerous and very ornamental to the city. They 
are laid out with well-kept walks, majestic trees, green and 
luxuriant grass-plofcs, and sparkling fountains. As they resemble 
each other in their general features, it is only necessary to give 
the name and location of the more important ones. 

Independence Square, between Chestnut, Walnut, Fifth, and 
Sixth streets, formerly the property of the State, was conveyed 
to the city to be kept open as a public square. 

Washington Square is between Walnut, Sixth, and two short 
streets. It was formerly a " Potter's Field," or grave-yard for 
paupers, but it is now one of the finest of the public squares. 



2^EW YORK TO WASHIXOTOK 

Franklin Square is between 6th, Race, Vine, and Franklin sts. 

Logan Square^ bounded by Race, Vine, 18th, and 19th sts. 

RittenJwuse Square^ between Walnut, Locust, Eighteenth and 
Nineteenth streets. In the neighborhood of these last two squares 
are many elegant private residences. 

Jefferson Square is between Third and Fourth streets, extend- 
ing from Washington to Federal streets. It contains 2^ acres. 

Passyunk Square occupies a portion of the old Parade ground 
between Twelfth and Thirteenth, Wharton and Reed streets. 

Norris Square^ given to the city by Isaac Parker Norris, is 
bounded by Susquehanna avenue, Hancock, Howard, and Diamond 
streets. 

Fairhill Square, on Lehigh avenue, is also on a plot presented 
to the city by the Norris family. 

Sliackamaxon Square, a small tract at the junction of Maiden 
street and Frankford Road. 

Germantown Square, Cortlandt and Wyoming streets, is half 
an acre in extent and is around the old town hall of Germantown. 

Union Square is at the junction of Fifth and Buttonwood sts. 

Thouron Square is at the junction of Sixth street and German- 
town Road. 

FAIRMOUNT PARK. 

This is one of the largest parks in the world, containing about 
2800 acres. It is situated on both sides of Schuylkill river, com- 
mencing on the east side at Callowhill street, and extending five 
and one-half miles along the bank to the mouth of the Wissa- 
hickon, and along that stream seven and one-half miles to Chest- 
nut Hill. In the lower part of this portion are the old Fairmount 
water-works and reservoirs, just north of the Spring Garden 
Bridge. The Graff Memorial, Leda-and-the-Swan fountain, some 
wooden statues by Rush, and other beautiful objects, adorn the 
park. The Art Gallery, which is free to all visitors, is near the 
Green street and Fairmount avenue entrance. It contains some 
valuable paintings. On the river bank are beautifully constructed 
boat-houses, for the use of amateur boat clubs. Passing north- 
ward, under Girard Avenue Bridge, the portion known as the East 
Park is entered. Just north of the bridge are the Schuylkill 
Water Works and Reservoir, which holds seven hundred and fifty 

89 



4 

it 




m 




' ^^^ 


\ 
1 


. 'i;/: 


i 




.^i 




«»* 



IfEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. 

million gallons. The upper portion of the East Park is very beau- 
tiful. The roads and hills and trees, the quiet little lakes and the 
dashing cascades, all combine to make a ride through it most de- 
lightful, and the drives are much frequented. The portion of 
Fairmount Park west of the river is called the West Park, noted 
now as being the place where the Centennial Exhibition is held. 
The West Park commences at Spring-Garden street, and extends 
northward to a point on the Schuylkill nearly opposite to the 
mouth of Wissahickon creek. At G-irard avenue it widens out to 
about two miles, but other portions are from half a mile to a mile 
in width. The southern end of the Park is occupied by the Zo- 
ological Gardens, which are maintained by the Zoological Society. 
The collection of animals and birds is very creditable, including 
some that are rare. The grounds are handsomely laid out, and 
comprise about thirty-three acres. Within the enclosure is John 
Penn's villa, which he named " Solitude," where he lived in seclu- 
sion for a number of years. A fee of twenty-five cents is charged 
for admission to the gardens. Nature has done much to render 
this and other portions of the West Park inviting, and it is adorned 
by many beautiful works of art. The drives are delightful, afford- 
ing a series of charming views. 

FAIRMOUNT WATER- WORKS. 

These are a source of just pride to Philadelphians, and will well 
repay a visit from the tourisii. They are situated on the east bank 
of the Schuylkill, within the East Park, just described. The 
water is pumped up from the Schuylkill River into reservoirs : 
the height, when full, being 102 feet above the river, and 56 feet 
above the highest ground in the city. There are four main reser- 
voirs, covering together about six acres, divided from each other 
by stone walls, and their combined capacity is 26,896,630 gallons. 
The ground was artificially raised for the purpose, in some parts 
to the height of forty feet above that of the original hill. The 
power used in pumping is that of the river itself, and the pumps 
and water-wheels are objects of great interest to all, and especially 
to those interested in mechanical science. There are several tur- 
bine wheels here of great economy and power. The dam across 
the river, by which the power is obtained, is worthy of notice. It 
is 1248 feet in length, and was erected in 1819. It is built of 

40 



N-EW YORK TO WASHINQTOK 

stone, upon a rock foundation, the bottom of the river having 
been excavated in some places for this purpose to the depth of 
thirty feet. It has so far successfully withstood' the heaviest 
freshets, in some instances having more than ten feet of water 
flowing- over it. Besides the Fairmount Water- Works there are 
four others, namelj^, the Schuylkill Water- Wor?is^ at the foot of 
Thompson street ; the Delaware Works on the Delaware river, at 
the foot of Wood street ; the Belmont fVbrks, on the west side of 
the Schuylkill, below the. Reading Railroad bridge ; and the Rox- 
borough Works, on the east bank of the Schuylkill, above Mana- 
yunk, on the line of the Philadelphia and Norristown Railroad. 

CEMETERIES. 

The cemeteries of Philadelphia are noted for their rural and 
picturesque beauty, the good taste of the monuments, and the 
pains taken to render them beautiful and attractive. 

Laurel Hill Cemetery is one of the most beautiful in America. 
It is situated between the Ridge Road and the Schuylkill River, 
jusb below the Falls Bridge of the Reading Railroad. It consists 
of two portions, the older called North, and the newer South 
Laurel Hill. The entrance is built of brown-stone in Doric style, 
the entablature being supported by eight fluted columns. Within 
the grounds are a Gothic chapel, the Superintendent's residence, 
an observatory commanding a fine view of the river and opposite 
shore, a hot-house for flowers and shrubbery, lodges for the accom- 
modation of attendants, etc. Access is had by the Ridge avenue 
cars, and by small steamboats from Fairmount in summer. 

Mount Vernon Cemetery is adjacent to Laurel Hill on the other 
side of Ridge avenue ; it is newer, but very attractive. 

Glenwood Cemetery is at the comer of Ridge avenue and Isling- 
ton lane, about a mile north-west of Grirard College. 

The Odd Fellows' Cemetery is a little north-east of the Glen- 
wood, on Islington lane. 

Monument Cemetery is on Broad street, between Montgomery 
avenue and Diamond street. 

Woodland Cemetery adjoins the Aims-House tract on the 
west side of the SchuylkQl River, a little above Gray's Ferry. 

Bonaldson's Cemetery, situated on Tenth, Bainbridge, and Fitz- 
water streets. It contains handsome monuments and tombstones. 

41 



2iEW YOPcK TO WASHING TON. 

CatJiedral Cemetery (Roman Catholic) occupies a large enclos- 
ure on Lancaster avenue, between 48th and 51st streets. 

There are naany smaller cemeteries in different parts of the city. 

OTHER OBJECTS OF INTEREST. 

The Penn Mansion.^ near the Delaware River, in Letitia Court, 
below Market, between Front and Second streets, was the residence 
of William Penn in 1682-3, and probably the first brick building 
built in Philadelphia. The material was sent out before Penn 
came to Pennsylvania, that the house might be ready for his 
occupation when he should arrive. Letitia Court; is named after 
his daughter, to whom the house was afterwards given. 

Car 21 enters' Hall, situated in Carpenters' court, running south 
from Chestnut street below Fourth. Here the first Congress of the 
United Colonies of North America assembled. The building is of 
brick, two stories high, with a cupola. It is occupied by the Car- 
penters' Company as of old. 

Hultsheimer'' s Hotel^ the residence of Thomas Jefferson at the 
time he wrote the Declaration of Independence, is situated at the 
south-west corner of Seventh and Market streets. • Jefferson 
rented the second floor of the proprietor, Jacob Graff. 

l.he Old Mint, standing on the east side of Seventh street, above 
Filbert st., was the first United States building erected in the 
country, in 1792. It was used as a mint until 1832. 

The Wilson Scliool House is on the Darby Road, west of the 
Darby Railroad Depot. It is now used for a blacksmith shop. 
In 1800 it was known as the Union School House of Kingsessing, 
and the school was in charge of Alexander Wilson, the American 
ornithologist, from 1800 to 1804. In the latter yeir he left the 
school to devote himself to the study of ornithology, and four 
years after the first volume of his splendid work was published. 

RAILROAD DEPOTS. 

Pennsylvania Railroad Depot — Thiitj -third and Market streets, reached by 
the ilarket street cars, to which passengers are transferred from the Tenth and 
Eleventh street. Twelfth and Sixteenth sti-eet, Thirteenth and Fifteenth street, 
and the Seventeenth and Nineteenth street lines. 

Kensington Depot. — Front and Berks streets, reached by the Fifth and Sixth 
street cars ; the white cars of the Second and Third street line ; and the Union line 
carries passengers to within one block of it. 

North Pennsylvania Depot. — Berks and American streets, reached by the Fifth 
and Sixth street cars, and the gi-een cars of the Second and Third street hue. 

43 



y-EW YORK TO WASHINGTON. 

Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore Depot.— Eroa&. street and Washing- 
ton avenne, reached by the Union line, Thirteenth and Fifteenth sti-eet line, and 
by exchange tickets, by the Lombard and South street, the Spruce and Pine street, 
Chestnut and Walnut, Race and Vine, Market, and the Arch street cars. 

Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Depot. — Thirteenth and Callowhill streets, 
reached directly by the Callowhill street line, and the Thirteenth and Fifteenth 
Ftreet line. An exchange ticket via the Callowhill street line will carry passengers 
to it by way of any line running north and south, except the Union line. 

Germantown Depot. — Ninth and Green streets, reached by the Union line, and 
by both lines running up Eighth street. 

Trains leave the Germantown depot for Germantown, Chestnut Hill, Manayunk, 
Conshohocken, Norristown, Plymouth Railroad, Chester Valley Railroad, Perkio- 
men Railroad, Pickering Valley, Colebrookdale, Phoenixville and Pottstown. 

West Jersey Depot. — ^At Camden, N. J. Railroad running to Cape May. 
Reached by ferry at foot of Market street. The Union \me and Market street 
line run to Front and Market streets, and passengers on the line of Tenth and 
Eleventh, Thirteenth and Fifteenth, Twelfth and Sixteenth, and Seventeenth and 
Nineteenth street cars can reach it by an exchange ticket over the Market st. road. 

Camden and Atlantic Depot. — Foot of Vine street, reached by Race and Vine 
street cars, or an exchange over this line from anywhere on Tenth and Eleventh, 
Thirteenth and Fifteenth, Twelfth and Sixteenth, and Seventeenth and Nine- 
teenth street lines. 

HACK FARES. 

Distance not exceeding one mile. — One passenger with trunk or valise, 75 cents. 
Two passengers, $1.25. Each additional passenger, 25 cents. 

Distance, over a mile and not more than two miles. — One passenger, $1.25 and 
50 cents more for each mile or fraction of a mUe above two miles. Each addi- 
tional passenger, 50 cents, 

j^" Twelve squares are a legal mUe. When engaged by the hour, $1.50 per 
hour is the legal rate. 

STREET CARS. 

No city in the United States has so complete and so convenient a system of 
street cars as Philadelphia. The rate of fare is seven cents, but exchange tickets 
good for any connecting lines, on the day they are issued, are sold for nine cents. 
The passenger should be careful to inquire of the conductor as to the lines' oq 
which the exchange tickets can be used. 

The Cars run through the following Streets : 
Going North. Going South. Going East, Going West, 

Third street. Second street. Columbia avenue. Master street. 

Fifth street. Fourth street. Girard avenue. Girard avenue. 

Eighth street. Sixth street. Wallace street. Poplar street. 

Ninth street. Seventh street. Green street. Fairmount avenue. 

Eleventh street. Tenth street. Spring Garden st. Spring Garden st. 

Fifteenth str?et. Twelfth street. CriUowhill street. Callowhill s^treet. 

Sixteenth street. Thirteenth street. Race street. Vine street. 

Eighteenth street. Seventeenth street. Arch street. Arch street. 

Nineteenth street. Twentieth street. Filbert street. Market street. 

Twenty-third street. Twenty-third street. Market street. Sansom street. 

Chestnut street. Walnut street. 
Spruce street. Pine street, 

Lombard street. South street. 
4ii 



NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. 



HOTELS. 



Name. 


Location. 


No. of 
Rooms. 


Capacity. 


Charge 
Per Day. 


Allegheny 


814 Market 


100 
180 

76 
400 

60 

70 
200 

62 
100 
117 
307 

50 

50 
500 

50 
150 

60 

~m 

400 

1,000 

60 

60 

102 

130 

50 

50 

150 

384 

75 

60 

83 

60 

100 

50 

120 

175 

175 

200 

115 

100 

135 

50 

500 

300 

60 

150 

90 


250 
600 
125 

2,000 
100 
200 
600 
130 
300 
300 
700 
125 
125 

1,000 
200 
350 
150 
400 
125 
800 

4,500 
240 
105 
200 
200 
100 
1.50 
350 

1,000 
100 
150 
350 
150 
240 
200 
175 
400 
400 
400 
200 
200 
450 
160 
1000 
6(10 
125 
350 
175 


$2.00 
3.00 




517 Chestnut 


Arch Street House 


1 Arch. 






Thirty-fourth & Walnut. 

257 North Second 

314 Race 




Barlev Sheaf 


$1.75 


Binder's 




Bingham 

Black Bear 


Eleventh & Market 

425 North Third 

352 North Second 

831 Market 


$3.00 
2.25 


Black Horse 


2.00 




2.00 


Colonnade 


Fifteenth & Chestnut.... 

Ill North Broad 

820 Market 


$3.50 & 5.00 
2.50 






2.00 


Continental 


Ninth & Chestnut 

6 & 8 South Del. Av 

227 North Third 


5.00 




2.00 




2.50 


European .... 


315 Arch . 


European 


Forrest Mansion Hotel 


Broad & Master 


European 


Franklin Square 

Girard 


Franklin &Vine... 

Chestnut, below Ninth . . 

Elm & Belmont Av 

1311 Market 


$2.50 & 3.50 
4.50 


Globe 

Great Western 


5.00 
2.00 & 2.50 


Guy 


Seventh & Chestnut 

919 Walnut 






$3.00 & 5.00 
3.50 


La Pierre 


Broad, below Chestnut.. 

319 North Fourth 

919 Chestnut 


Lincoln 


2.00 


Markoe 


3.00 


Merchants 


413 North Third 

42 North Fom-th 

413 North Sixth 


1.75 

3.00 & 4.00 


Montgomery 


2.50 


New Market 


1619 Market 


2.00 


Pennsylvania Manor. . 
Pennsylvania Farmer. 
Eed Lion 


Eighth & Spring Garden. 

346 North Third 

472 North Second 

923 Chestnut 


2.00 
1.50 
2.00 




3.00 


Ridgway 


1 Market 


3.00 


St. Charles 


54 North Third 


European 




709 Arch 


$3.00 


St Elmo. 


317 Arch 


$2.50 & 3.00 




Broad & Walnut 






310 Race 


2.00 & 3.00 


St. Stephen's 


Chestnut, above Tenth . . 
327 Vine 


3.00 & 5.00 




2.00 


Trans Continental 

United States. 


Ninth & Chestnut 

42d & Columbia Av 

9 Wahiut 


5.00 
European 


United States 


European 


Washington . . . 


Chestnut, above Seventh. 
1524 Chestnut 


$3.00 & 4.50 


West End 


• European 



STREETS AND NUMBERS. 

The streets running east and west, from the Delaware to the Schuylkill, are 
named, while the principal ones running north and south are numbered, com- 
mencing at the Delaware river with First street, which is also called Front street. 
The system of numbering is very simple, each square commencing with a new 

44 



NEW YORK TO WASBINOTON. 



hundred. Many of the squares are intersected by short and narrow streets. The 
streets running north and south are numbered each way from Market street. The 
following list gives the names of streets running east and west, on each side of 
and parallel with Market street. The numbers refer to the cross-streets. For in- 
stance, on North Fifth street, from lilarket to Arch streets, is one square, and the 
numbers run from 1 to 100. 



NO. NORTH. 

1 Market, Filbert. 

— Commerce, Chm-ch. 
100 Arch, Cherry. 

200 Race, Branch, New. 

300 Vine, Wood. 

400 Callowhill, Willow. 

— Noble, Margaretta. 
500 Suttonwood. 

— Spring Garden. 
600 Crreen. 

— Mount Vernon. 

— Wallace, Melon. 
700 Fairniount avenue. 

— (31ive. 

800 Brown. Parrish. 

— Ogden. 

900 Poplar, Laurel. 

— Beaver, George. 
120') Girard avenue, Stiles. 
1300 Thompson, Seybert. 
1400 Master. 

1.500 Jefferson. 

16 Oxford. 

1700 Columbia avenue. 

1800 Montgomery avenue. 

1900 Berks. 

2000 Norrih, Otis. 

2100 Diamond. 

2200 Susquehanna. 

2300 Dauphin. 

2400 York. 

2500 Cumberland. 

2600 Huntingdon. 

2700 Lehigh avenue. 

2800 Somerset. 

2^'O0 Cambria. 

3000 Indiana. 

3100 Clearfield. 

32U0 Alleghany. 



NO. SOUTH. 

1 Market, Jayne. 

— Merchant, Minor. 
100 Chestnut. Sansom. 

— Library, Dock. 
200 Walnut, Locust. 
300 Spruce, Union. 
400 Pine. 

500 Lombard, Gaskill. 

600 South. 

700 Bainbridge. 

— Monroe. 

— Fitzwater, German. 
800 Catharine, Queen. 
900 Christian. Marriott. 

1000 Carpenter. 
1100 Washington. 

— Ellsworth. 

1200 Federal, Marion. 
1300 Wharton. 
1400 Reed. 
1500 Dickinson. 

— Greenwich. 
1600 Tasker. 

1700 Morris, Pierce. 
1800 Moore, Siegel. 
1900 Mifflin. 
2000 McKean. 
2100 Snyder. 
2200 Jackson. 
2300 Wolf. 
2400 Ritner. 
2500 Porter. 
2600 Shunk. 
2700 Oregon avenue. 
2800 Johnson. 
2900 Bigler. 
3000 Pollock. 
3100 Packer. 
3200 Curtin. 



Name. 



CLUB-HOUSES. 



German Society 

Merchants' 

Penn. ... 

Philadelphia 

Press 

Reform 

Sketch 

Social Art 

St. George 

State in Schuylkill . 

Tinicum Pish 

Union League . 



Location. 
.24 S. Seventh street. 
.246 S. Third street. 
.233 S. Eighth street. 
. 13th and Walnut streets. 
.505 Chestnut street. 
.1520 Chestnut street. 
.10 Merrick street. 
.1525 Chestnut street. 
.1.300 Arch street. 
.(Fish H.) G-ray's Ferry. 
, . Tinicum. 
.Broad about Walnut. . 



45 



NEW YORK TO WiSHINGTON. 



CHURCHES. 



These are abimdant in Philadelphia, 
there beino: 9S Episcopal, 101 Presbyte- 
rian, 43 Roman Catholic, 71 Baptist, 
100 Methodist, 32 Lutheran, 16 Dutch 
Reformed, 4 Moravian, 4 Universalist, 
2 Unitarian, 9 Jewish synagofjues, 2 
Congregational, 6 Evangelical Associa- 
tion, 1 French Protesti^nt, 4 Sweden- 
borgian. 

Besides these, the Friends have 17 
meeting-houses. 

The following list comprises the prin- 
cipal churches in different parts of tha 
city. 

BAPTIST. 

Berean, Chestnut street, above 40th. 

Beth-Eden, cor. Broad and Spruce sts. 

Broad St., cor. Broad and Brown sts. 

Fifth, cor.lSth and Spring Garden sts. 

First, cor. Broad and Arch streets. 

First, West Philadelphia, cor. 36th 
and Chestnut streets. 

Fourth, cor. Fifth and Buttonwood sts. 

Gcthsemane, corner Eighteenth street 
and Columbia avenue. 

Memorial, cor. Broad and Master sts. 

Tabernacle, Chestnut st., above 18th. 

CONGREGATIONAL. 

; Central, cor. 18th and Green sts. 
Plymouth, cor. 19th and Master sts. 

EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION. 

Christ Church, Eighth street, below 
Girard avenue. 

Southwark, Fifth street, below Car- 
penter. 

FRENCH PROTESTANT. 

Free Church, 1512 Chestnut street. 

FRIENDS (Orthodox). 

Northern District, 6th and Noble sts. 
Fourth and Arch sts., fifth days only. 
Orange, above 7th st., first days only. 
Western District, Twelfth street, be- 
low Market, first and fourth days only. 

FRIENDS (Hicksites). 
Race, above Fifteenth street, first 
and fonrth days. 

Girard avenue and Seventeenth st. 
Green street, cor. Fourth street. 
Spruce street, cor. Ninth street. 

HEBREWS. 

Rodef Shalom, Broad and Mount 
"Vernon stxoets. 

House of Israel, Crown street, be- 
tween Race and Vine streets. 



46 



Keneseth Israel (Reform), Sixth, 
above Brown street. 
Mikve Israel, 7th st., above Arch. 

LUTHERAN. 

Eng-lish (General Council). 

Holy Communion, south-west corner 
Broad and Arch streets. 

St. John's, Race street, between Fifth 
and Sixth. 

St. Mark's, Spring Garden, above 
Thirteenth street. 

German (General Council). 
Emanuel, corner Fourth and Carpen- 
ter streets. 

Zion, Franklin street, above Race. 
St. John's, cor, 15th and Ogden sts. 

Scandinavian. 

Meets Sunday afternoon, at four 
o'clock, in St. Mark's, Spring Garden 
street, above 13th. 

METHODIST EPISCOPAL. 

Arch Street, southeast corner Broad 
and Arch streets. 

Grace, Broad and Master streets. 

Green Street, Green st., above 10th. 

Spring Garden, Twentieth and 
Spring Garden streets, 

MORAVIAN. 

First, corner Franklin and Wood sts. 

PRESBYTERIAN. 

Alexander, corner Nineteenth and 
Green streets. 

Arch Street, Arch, above Tenth st. 

Bethany, Bainbridge and Twenty- 
second streets. 

First, corner Seventh and Locust sts. 

Immanuel, Tenth and Filbert streets. 

North Broad Street, corner Broad 
and Green streets. 

Oxford Street, Broad and Oxford sts. 

Second, 21st and Walnut streets. 

Tenth, Tenth and Walnut streets. 

Central, corner 8th and Cherry sts. 

Third (old Pine Street), Fourth and 
Pine streets. 

West Arch Street, corner Eighteenth 
and Arch streets. 

West Spruce Street, Spruce and Sev- 
enteenth streets. 

PRESBYTERIAN (Reformed). 
First, Broad, below Spruce street. 



NEW YORK TO WASHING TOK 



PRESBYTEKIAN (United), 
Second, Race, below Sixteenth street 

PROTEST ajs:t episcopal. 

Christ Church, Second street, above 
Market. 

Church of the Epiphany, comer Fif- 
teenth and Chestnut streets. 

Church of the Holy Trinity, corner 
Nineteenth and Walnut streets. 

Church of the Holy Incarnation, cor- 
ner Broad and Jeii'erson streets. 

St. Andrew's, Eighth street, above 
Spruce street. 

St. Mark's, Locust street, above Six- 
teenth street. 

St. Peter's, corner Third and Pine sts. 

St. Stephen's, Tenth street, above 
Chestnut street. 

REFORMED EPISCOPAL. 

Second, meet in hall, corner Twenty- 
fii'st and Chestnut streets. 



REFORMED (Dutch) CHURCH. 

First, Race street, below Fourth st. 

ROMAN CATHOLIC. 

Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul, 
ISth street, opposite Logan Square. 

Assumption, Spring G-arden, below 
Twelfth street. 

Holy Trinity (German), corner Sixth 
and Spruce streets. 

St. Augustine, 4th st., below "Vine. 

St. John the E\-angelist, Thirteenth 
street, above Chestnut. 

St. Maf^'"s, Fourth st., above Spruce. 

SWEDENBORGIAN. 
Philadelphia, Cherry street, west of 
Twentieth. 

UNITARIAN. 
First, corner Tenth and Locust sts. 

UNIVERSALISTS. 

Chm-ch of the Messiah, Locust street, 
below Broad. 

Church of the Restoration, Master 
street, above Sixteenth. 



ASYLUMS, DISPENSARIES, AND HOSPITALS. 

RULES FOR ADMISSION TO HOSPITALS. 

The general rules in force at the above Hospitals require application to be made 
to the Steward in charge, or through the Managers on duty, to secure permits for 
the admission of patients, except in cases that result from accident. 

Accident cases are received at any hour of the day or night, no permit being 
required provided patients are brought to the Hospital within twenty-four hours 
after the receipt of the injury. 

Name. Location. 

Charity Hospital of Philadelphia 1882 Hamilton Street. 

Children's Hospital Twenty-second street above Locust. 

Church Dispensary of South wark 1719 South Ninth street. 

City Municipal Hospital Hart lane and Lamb Tavern road. 

Christ Church Hospital Belmont av. and Monument road. 

Dispensary for Skin Diseases 216 South Eleventh street. 

Eye and Ear Institute of the Philadelphia Dis- 
pensary Thirteenth and Chestnut streets. 

Fi'anklin Reformatory Home for Inebriates.. .913 Locust street. 

Friends' Asylum for the Insane Near Frankford. 

German Hospital Corinthian and Girard avenues. 

Germantown Hospital Shoemaker's lane, near Chew street. 

Gynaecological Hospital Olney road. 

Hospital for Nervous Diseases Main street. Chestnut Hill. 

Hospital of the Protestant Episcopal Church. .Front and Huntingdon streets. 

Hospital of the Jefferson Medical College Sansom street above Tenth. 

Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. . .Thirty-fourth and Spruce streets. 
Howard Hospital and Infirmary for Incurables.1518 and 1520 Lombard street. 

Infirmary for Diseases of the Ear 4'i South Seventeenth street. 

Jewish Hospital Olney road. 

Magdalen Asylum Twenty-first street above Race 

Northern Dispensary of Philadelphia, for the 

Medical Relief of the Poor 608 Fairmount avenue. 

Old Man's Home Powelton and Saunders avenues. 

Orphans' Home and Asylum for Aged and In- 
firm of Evangelical Lutheran Church 5580 Germantown avenue. 

47 



NEW YORK TO WAS RING TOK 



Name. Location. 

Penn Widows' Asylum Belgrade street above Otis. ' 

Pennsylvania Hospital Eighth and Spruce streets. 

Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane Forty-fourth and Haverford road. 

Philadelphia Dispensary 127 South Fifth street. 

Philadelphia Hospital Darby road, below Spruce street. 

Philadelphia Orthopaedic Hospital N.W. Cor. Seventeenth and Summer 

Presbyterian Hospital Thirty-ninth and Filbert streets. 

Preston Retreat. (Lying-in, Charity) Twentieth and Hamilton streets. 

St. Ann's Widow Asylum 906 Moj^amensing avenue. 

St. John's (Male) Orphan Asylum Westminster ave. and Forty -ninth. 

St. Joseph's Hospital Girard avenue and Sixteenth street. 

St. Joseph's (Female) Orphan Asylum TOO Spruce street. 

St. Mary's Hospital •; Palmer street and Frankford road. 

St. Vincent's Orphan's A sylum Tacony. 

Southern Dispensary 318 Bainbridge street. 

Southern Home for Destitiite Children Twelfth and Fitzwater streets. 

State Hospital for Women and Infants 1718 Filbert street. 

United States Naval Asylum Gray's Ferry Rd. below Bainbridge. 

United States Naval Hospital Gray's Ferry Rd. below Bainbridge. 

Wills' Opthhalmic Hospital Race street below Nineteenth. 

Women's Hospital of Philadelphia North College avenue and 22d st. 

PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS. 



Name. 



Location. 



HOUES OP 

Admission. 



Wheke to 

Procxire Tickets 

OF Admission. 



Asylum for the Blind 

Blockley Almshouse. 

Court House 

Custom House 

Eastern Penitentiary 

Fairmount Park Art 

Association 

House of Correction . 



20th and Race sts. . . 

34th and Darby road. 

Chestnut above 5th. . 
Chestnut above 4th. . 
Fairmount ave. be- 
low 22d street 



9 to 5 every day 

I except Saturday, 

Tues., Thms.. and 

Sat., 9 to 5 P.M. . 



House of Refuge. 



Independence Hall . . 
League Island Navy, 

Masonic Temple 

Morgue 



National Museum 

New Post-OflHce 

Penn. Institution for 

Deaf and Dumb. . . 
Philadelphia Coimty 

Prison 



Green st. Entrance . 
Bridesburg 



23d and Parrish sts. . 

Chestnut above 5th. . 

League Island 

Broad and Filbert sts. 
Beach and Noble sts . 

Independence Hall.. 
9th and Chestnut sts. 

Broad and Pine sts. . . 

Passyunk ave. below 
Reed street 



Post-Offlce Chestnut below 5th. . 

Public Buildings | Broad and Market. . . 

United States Arse n'l' Bridesburg 

United States Arsen'l! Gray's Ferry road. . . 
United States Mint. . i Juniper and Chestnut 
Young Men's Chris- 1 

tian Association. . . 1 15th and Chestnut sts 
48 



9 a.m. to 3 p.M 

1 to 5 P.M., except 
Sat. and holidays 



Every day 

Monday, Wednes'y 

and Fri. 10 to 2. 
Mondav, Wednes'y 

and Fri., 10 to 2. 

8 A.M. to 10 p.M 

Every day 

10 to 2, Thursday. . 
Tues., Thurs., and 

Sat., 9 to 5 P.M. 
8 A.M. to 10 P.M... 

Being erected 

Every Thursday, 

3 P.M. 



No ticket required. 

From Managers. 
No ticket required. 



From Inspectors. 

No ticket required. 

51 N. 6th street. 

21 N. 7th street. 
No ticket required. 



Every day ex. Sat., 
9 to 12 and 2 to 4 



All hours 

Being erected. 



From Judges of the 
Courts and Pris- 
on Inspectors. 

No ticket required. 



Every day 

10 to 12 o'clock.. 



Every day. 



No ticket required. 
At the door. 



No ticket required. 



NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. 



BANKS. 



Name. 

Bank of America 

Clearing House Bank 

Bank of North America. . . 

Centennial National Bank. 



Capital. 

$■.'50,000 



Central National Bank 

City National Bank 

Commercial National Bank 

Commonwealth National Bank 

Consolination National Bank 

Corn Exchange Bank 

Eighth National Bank 

Farmers' and Mechanics' National Bank. 

First National Bank 

Girard National Bank 

Kensington National Bank 

Keystone Bank 

Manayunk Bank 

Merchants' Exchange Bank 

Manufacturers' National Bank 

Mechanics' National Bank 

National Bank of Commerce 

National Bank of G-ermantown 

National Bank of Northern Liberties 

National Bank of the Republic 

National Security Bank 

Peun National Bank 

People's Bank 

Philadelphia National Bank 

Second National Bank 

Seventh National Bank 

Shackamaxon Bank 

Sixth National Bank 

Southwark National Bank 

Spring Garden Bink 

State Bank of Camden, N. J 

Third National Bank 

Tradesmen's National Bank 

Twenty-second Ward Bank 

Union Banking Company , 

Union National Bank 

I] nited States Banking Company 

West Philadelphia Bank 

Western National Bank 



1,000,000 

800,000 

750.000 
400,000 
810,000 
300,000 
300,000 
500,000 
275,000 
2.000.000 
1,000.000 
1,000.000 
:i50,000 
400.000 
100,000 
100,000 
1,000,000 
b(,0,000 
250,000 
200,000 
500,000 
1,000,000 
250.000 
5U0,000 
100,000 
1,500.000 
300,000 
250,000 
300,000 
150,000 
250,000 
250,000 
2()0,000 
300,000 
200,000 
100,000 
700.000 
500,000 
200,000 
500,000 
400,000 



Location. 

30R Walnut street. 
429 Chestnut street. 
307 Chestnut street. 

) 3126 Market street. 

} Branch on Exhib'n Grounds 
109 South Fourth street. 
32 North Sixth street. 
314 Chestnut street, 

400 Walnut street. 

331 North Third street. 

Second and Chestnut streets. 

Second and Girard avenue. 

427 Chestnut street. 

313 Chestnut street. 

IK) South Third street. 

909 Beach street. 

1326 Chestnut street. 

4371 Main street, Manayunk. 

133 South Third street. 

27 North Third street. 

22 South Third street. 

209 Chestnut street. 

4800 Germantown avenue. 

Third and Vine streets. 

320 Chestnut street. 

Seventh and Girard avenue. 

Sixth and Vine streets. 

437 Chestnut street. 

423 Chestnut street. 

4434 Frankford avenue. 

401 Market street. 
1737 Franlvford avenue. 
Second and Pine streets. 
610 South Second street. 
Spring Garden and Bidge ave, 
212 Church street. 

1428 Market street. 
Ill South Third street. 
4850 Germantown avenue. 
310 Chestnut street. 
101 North Third street. 
Tenth and Chestnut streets. 
3938 Market street. 
408 Chestnut street. 



SAFE DEPOSIT AND TRUST COMPANIES. 



Name. Capital. Location. 
Fidelity Insurance, Trust, and Safe 

Deposit Company $1,500,000 329 Chestnut street. 

Guarantee Trust and Safe Deposit 

Company 1,100.000 320 Chestnut street. 

Penn Trust and Safe Deposit Company ICO.OOO Spring Garden and Ridge ave. 
Pennsylvania Company for Insurances 

' on Lives and Granting Annuities. . . 2,000,000 431 Chestnut street. 
Philadelphia Trust and Safe Deposit 

Company 1,000,000 417 Chestnut street. 

Pennsylvania Warehousing Company. 250,000 58 South Third street 

Philadelphia Warehousing Company. . 1,000,000 Dock street below Third. 

3 40 



NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. 



SAVING FUNDS. 

Name. Location, 

B3neficial 1200 Chestnut street. 

Germantown 4()08 Germantown avenue. 

Northern 6th and Spring Garden. 

Philadelphia 700 Walnut street. 

Western 1000 Walnut street. 

FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL ASSOCIATIONS- 

NAAfE. Location. 

Board of Brokers 21 Merchants' Exchange. 

Board of Trade Mercantile Library Building, Tenth sti-eet. 

Chamber of Commerce 133 South Second street. 

Commercial Exchange 133 South Second street. 

Grocers' (The) Wholesale Association.119 South Front street. 

Philadelphia Drag Exchange 17 South Third street. 

Philadelphia Exchange Company Third and Walnut streets. 

Maritime Exchange 131 South Second street. 

Tobacco Trade of Philadelphia 31 North Water street. 

ART AND SCIENCE ASSOCIATIONS. 

Name. Location. 

Academy of Natural Sciences Nineteenth and Eace streets. 

Academy of Fine Arts Broad and Cheny streets, 

AthenaBum Society of Philadelphia Sixth and Adelphi streets, 

American Philosophical Society 104 South Fifth street. 

American Entomological Society 518 South Thirteenth street. 

Carpenters' Company of Philadelphia 322 Chestnut street. 

Fairmount Park Art Association Green st. Entrance, Fairmount Park. 

Franklin Institute 15 South Seventh street. 

Germantown Scientific Society 483G Germantown avenue. 

Historical Society of Pennsylvania 820 Spruce street. 

Law Association of Philadelphia Sixth and Walnut streets. 

Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of 

Philadelphia Eighteenth and Chestnut streets. 

Philadelphia School of Design for Women. . .Merrick and Filbert streets. 
Zoological Society of Philadelphia 35th street and Girard avenue. 

PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 

^T ^ Character of 

Name. Location. Amusement. • 

Academy of Music Broad and Locust Streets. . Operatic. 

Arch Street Opera House Arch Street above 10th Minstrels. 

Arch Street Theater 60!) Arch Street Dramatic, 

Chestnut Street Theater 1218 Chestnut Street Dramatic, 

Enoch's Variety Theater 7th Street below Arch Variety. 

Eleventh Street Opera House 11th Street below Market. . . Minstrels. 

Fox's New American Theater Chestnut Street above 10th.. Variety. 

Grand Central Theater Walnut Street above 8th Variety. 

Kiralfy's Alham. Palace Garden.. Broad Street below Locust. . Orchestral. 

New National Theater 10th tmd Callowhill Street. . Vai-iety. 

Theo. Thomas' Orchestra Broad and Master Streets. . Orchestral. 

Walnut Street Theater 9th and Walnut Streets Dramatic. 

Wood's Museum . . 9th and Arch Streets 

60 



JVUW YOMK TO WASHIXGTON. 

CONCERT HALLS. 

Name. Location. 

Blind Asylum Twentieth and Race Streets. 

Concert Hall 1221 Chestnut Street. 

Continental Hall 806 G-irard Avenue. 

Handel and Haydn Hall ^'i North Eighth Street. 

Horticultural Hall Broad Street near Locust. 

Mcennerchor Hall 717 Fairmonnt Avenue. 

Musical Fund Hall 808 Locust Street. 

National Guards' Hall 520 Race Street. 

Washington Hall 810 Spring Garden Street. 

LIBRARIES AND READING ROOMS. 

Name. Location. 

American Baptist Historical Society 530 Arch Street. 

American Mechanics' Library Fourth and George Streets. 

Athenasuiu Library Sixth and Adelphia Streets. 

Apprentices' Library Asaociatian 5-0 Arch Street. 

American Protestant Hall and Librarj^ Association. 1415 Locust Street, 

Friends' Library 304 Arch Street. 

Germantown Library 4S3S Germantown Avenue. 

James Page Library Company 208 East Girard Avenue. 

Library Association of Friends Race and Fifti-enth Streets. 

Library Company of Phila lelphia Fifth and Library Streets, 

Library of the German Society 24 South Seventh Street. 

Library of the Law Association 582 Walnut Street. 

Mercantile Library Company Tenth above Chestnut Street. 

Mechanics' Institute Library 1110 South Fifth Street. 

Moyamensing Library Eleventh and Catharme Sts, 

Odd-Fellows' Library e0(i North Third Street. 

Philadelphia City Institute Library Eighteenth and Chi-stnut Sts. 

Spring Garden Institute 1.341) Spring Garden Street, 

South wark Library Company 7(15 Sotith Second Street. 

Wm. Brotherhead's Library 235 S ntth Thirteenth Street. 

West Philadelphia Institute Library 4050 Market Street. 

Wagners Free Institute of Science Seventeenth and Montgomery. 

The Ridgway Branch of the Philadelphia Library . Broad and Christian Streets. 

COLLEGES. 

Academy of the Protestant Episcopal Church. ... .Locust and Juniper Streets. 

OoUege of Physicians of Philadelphia Thirteenth and Locust Streets 

Girard College Ridge Avenue and Nineteenth 

Hahnemann Medical College and Dispensary 1105 Filbert Street. 

Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia Tenth below ChcNtnut Street. 

Pennsylvania Ct)llegc of Dental Surgery Tenth and Arch Streets. 

Philadelphia College of Pharmacy.^ .. *. 147 North Tenth Street. 

Philadelphia. Dental College lOS North Tenth Street. 

Polytechnic College of the State of Pennsylvania. .1716 Market Street. 

St. Joseph's College 317 Willing's A lley. 

Theol. Sem. of the Evangelical Ltttheran Church. 216 Franklin Street. 

University of Pennsylvania Thirty-fourth and Locust Sts. 

Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania 21st and North College Ave, 



51 




soldiers' monument, Gettysburg Battlefield. 



NFW YORK TO WASHING TON. 

THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 

ITS ORIGIN AND ORGANIZATION. 

In Febuary, 1870, a memorial, setting forth the appropriate- 
ness of such an exhibition, and asking the assistance of the govern- 
ment, was presented to Congress by a joint committee consisting 
of a Committee of the Select and Common Councils of Philadel- 
phia, a Committee of the Franklin Institute, and a Committee 
of the Pennsylvania Legislature. On March 3d, 1871, Congress 
passed an act providing that the exhibition should be held and 
creating a Centennial Commission, consisting of one delegate 
from each State and Territory, to be nominated by the State 
Governors, and appointed by the President. 

On June 1st, 1872, Congress passed an act creating a Centennial 
Board of Finance, and empowering them to issue ten-dollar 
shares of stock to the amount of $10,000,000. On July 3d, 1873, the 
President issued a Proclamation, commending the Exhibition to 
the people of the United States and to all nations. On January 
23d, 1874, the President appointed a Board to represent the execu- 
tive departments of the Government. On June 5th, 1874, Con- 
gress passed an act requesting the President to invite foreign 
nations to participate. On June 16th, 1874, an act was passed 
providing for appropriate medals. On June 18th, Congress passed 
an act providing that all articles sent from foreign countries 
for exhibition shall be admitted free of duty. 

HOW TO REACH THE EXHIBITION. 

The Pennsylvania Railroad takes passengers to its fine new 
depot, on Elm avenue, directly opposite the main entrance. The 
Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company has a depot a short 
distance east of the art gallery. Five lines of City Railways run 
through the center of the city, directly to the grounds, and 
these lines may be reached by any of the street railways in the 
city. Several lines of steamboats, also, run up the Schuylkill, 
landing passengers at Belmont Landing. 

52 



NEW YORK TO WASIII^YGTON. 

THE EXHIBITION GROUNDS AND BUILDINGS, 

The grounds are located in the south-west part of Fairmount 
Park, a tract of 236 acres having been deeded to the Commis- 
sion by the city of Philadelphia. 

The Main Building stands on the south-west side of the in- 
closure, which fronts on Elm avenue. It is 1880 feet long by 464 
feet wide, and is devoted to the exhibits, domestic and foreign, 
in the departments of Mining and Metallurgy, Manufactures, and 
Education and Science. It is a fine structure of glass and iron, 
costing over one and a half millions. It covers twenty-one and 
a half acres, and there are five miles of aisles or passageways in it. 

Machinery Hall also fronts on Elm avenue. It incloses four- 
teen acres and cost about one and a half millions. Machinery 
of all kinds and from all countries is here to be seen in operation, 
the whole being driven by an immense fourteen hundred horse- 
power Corliss engine. A short distance from the west end of 
this building is George's Hill, from which a fine view of the 
entire grounds may be had. 

The Art Gallery^ or Memorial Hall^ is in the rear, or north-east 
of the main building, built on an elevated terrace, of granite, 
iron, and glass, in the modern Rsnaissance style. It is three 
hundred feet long by one hundred and fifty feet wide. It waa 
built by the State of Pensylvania at a cost of $1,500,000, and 
it is intended to be used after the exhibition as a National Art 
Gallery, The exhibit here of pictures and statuary from all 
parts of the world is very fine. In the rear of the permanent 
building is a large annex. 

Horticultural Hall is situated north of the Art Gallery, and is 
separated from it by the ravine, spanned by a handsome iron bridge. 
Its dimensions are three hundred and eighty-three by one hundred 
and ninty-three feet, and it is built chiefly of iron and glass. The 
central portion of the building is an immense conservatory, and 
on each side are the forcing houses. A beautiful garden of forty 
acres surrounds the building. 

Agricultural Hall stands further north; covering over ten acres 
of ground. It is built of wood and glass, is very large, and is 
most admirably constructed for the purpose intended. The exhibit 
here of animal and vegei>able products, land and marine animals, 

53 



NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. 

etc. , is very interesting and instructive. The stock yards inclos- 
ing- twenty-two acres, are situated about five hundred yards from 
the main entrance of this building. The display of stock will be 
made in September and October. 

The United States Building stands midway between Agricultural 
Hall and Machinery Hall. The various Departments of the Gov- 
ernment are here represented by models of guns, boats, apparatus 
used in the machine shops, mints, etc. This building covers an 
area of about two acres. 

East of this is the Womiii's Pamlion, a unique structure, cost- 
ing about $30,000, and erected for exhibiting the highest types 
of women's work. A Kindergarten school is attached. 

The State Buildings are north and west of the United States 
Building, between State Avenue and Belmont Drive. 

Further to the south and west are buildings of foreign nations. 

The Judges' Hall is opposite the main Elm Avenue Entrance, 
flanked on the east side by the House of Public Comfort, and on 
the west side by the Photographic Building. Other buildings, 
independent exhibits, and restaurants, etc. , are about the grounds. 

A narrow gauge steam railway passes around the grounds in- 
side of the inclosure, stopping at all the principal places of in- 
terest. Fare, five cents. The ofiicial catalogue is published in 
English, French, German, and Spanish, in four parts : 

Number 1, under the title of " Main Building," embraces the 
departments of Mining and Metallurgy, Manufactures, Education, 
and Science. 

Number 2, under title of "Machinery Hall," embraces the de- 
partment of Machinery. 

Number 3, under title of " Art Gallery," embraces the depart- 
ment of Art. 

Number 4, under title of " Agricultural and Horticultural 
Halls," embraces the dep'ts of Agriculture and Horticulture. 

Price for each part, 25 cents. 

There are thirteen entrances. The principal are as follows : 

East end of Main Building. The chief entrance for carriages. 

Between the Main Building and Machinery Hall, for visitors 
coming by the Pennsylvania Railroad and the street cars. 

From George's Hill, 

54 



NEW YORK TO WASHING TON. 

At the junction of Belmont Avenue and the Park Drive. 

At the depot of the Reading Railroad. 

Belmont Valley for visitors by steamboats. 

In front of the Horticultural Hall. 

For visitors arriving- on the Junction Railroad, and by steam 
boats in the Lansdowne Valley. 

To the Art Gallery. All of these entrances are fitted up with 
self -registering- turnstiles. 

A fee of fifty cents is charged for admission to all parts of the 
buildings and grounds. 



WILLISTON SEMINARY, 

EASTHAMPTON, MASS. 

The Thirty-sixth year begins August 31st. Examination of 
candidates, August 30th. Classical Course, four years ; Scientific, 
three. Prepares for the first Colleges and Scientific Schools. 
Ten permanent instructors, including the following recently 
appointed: James M. Whifcon, Ph.D., Principal, formerly Rector 
of the New Haven Hopkins Grrammar School ; Robert P. Keep, 
Ph.D., Master in the Classical Department, recently U. S. Consul 
at Athens, and pupil of the Professors Curtius in Berlin and Leip- 
sic; Roswell Parish, M. A., Master in the Scientific Department, 
recently Master of the English Department of the Worcester High 
School, and George Y. Washburn, B.A., Instructor in Rhetoric and 
Oratory, recently Principal of the High School in Holliston. Lo- 
cation salubrious and accessible, seventeen miles north of Spring- 
field by the Connecticut River R.R., and twelve miles north of 
AVestfield (on the B. and A. R.R.) by the New Haven and North- 
ampton R. R. , which directly connects it with New York. 

For information, address Treasurek, WiLLlSTOJSf SEMINARY, 
Easthampton, Massachusetts. 






AID BTJiunr&s, 

Showing DEPOT and TRACKS of ii. 




PENNJ t L V A N I A 



9 Id »• j*n Wm. bj Rjnd, M«lf Or A ( 



Rand. UeNally A Co., Blap ExiarttTan, Ohlongo. 



SEW YORK TO WASHINQTOlf. 



aiLADELPHIA TO BALTIMORE. 

M. Philaddpliia, WUmington and Baltimore R. R. , 98 Miles. 
_Kh.e present railroad between Philadelphia and Baltimore, no-v? 
jk property of the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore R.R.- 
JO., was originally commenced, and in part completed, by several 
different companies. It soon became evident that a consolidation 
would be best for all parties concerned, and accordingly the com- 
panies were consolidated into one, under the present name, Feb- 
fary 5th, 1838. Two important improvements added greatly to 
le efl&ciency of the road. These are the connection with New 
" ^rk and Philadelphia line by which trains are run through with- 
^.t change of cars, and the magnificent bridge over the Susque- 
hanna at Havre de Grace, built at an expense of over $2,000,000, 
tnd doing away with the inconvenience and delay of the ferry. 
These, with the laying of a second track, enable the road to ful- 
3R1 all that can be required of it. Connecting by an almost direct 
fine two of the largest cities in the country, and forming a part 
of the great trunk line uniting the Southern and Western with 
the Northern and Eastern States, the possibilities of a future in- 
crease of prosperity commensurate with the growth of the coun- 
try seem almost without limit. 

GIBSON'S. 

Pliiladeliiliia^ Pa. 
This station is for the accommodation of the immense oil store- 
houses and refineries on the flats near the Schuylkill River. 
•w GRAY'S FEERY. 

J rhiladelpJda^ Pa., 2 m. fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimoi'e, 96. 

I Near the west end of the bridge across the Schuylkill River. 
I Here the through trains from New- York to Baltimore connect 
I with this road by means of the Junction Railway. The name 
is derived from the original proprietor of a ferry formerly 
established here about the year 1740. Subsequently a place of 
recreation, called *' Gray's Garden," was kept here, which be- 
came very popular as a resort for the pleasure-seeking peopile of 

56 



JSrSW YORK TO WASHINGTON. 

Philadelphia. Afterward a floating bridge took the place of the 
ferry. On the 20th of April, 1789, it was decorated with trium- 
phal arches, flowers, etc., and General Washington crossed over 
amid the plaudits of thousands of his grateful countrymen, on 
his way to take his seat as first President of the United States. 
The present bridge was built in 1888 at a cost of nearly 
$200,000. Since that time it has undergone extensive repairs, 
with a view of increasing its strength. It is 800 feet in length, is 
provided with a draw near the western end, and supported by 
five piers. Besides the railroad uses, the bridge has a separate 
part devoted to common highway travel. Near its west end is an 
obelisk built by the company to commemorate the successful com- 
pletion of the bridge. 

BELL KOAD. 

PhUadelphia, Pa., 6 m. fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore, 92. 
The Bell Road, from which this station is named, runs south- 
east to the river. " Bell Road Hotel " is opposite the depot. 

LAZARETTO. 

Tiniciim, Ddaware Co., Pa., 11 m. Jr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore, 87. 

The name of this station indicates its proximity to the Quaran- 
tine Grounds of Philadelphia. It is situated on the east side of 
Darby Creek, which, with a branch called Bow Creek on the east 
and the Delaware on the south, completely surrounds the island 
and township of Tinicura. The Lazaretto buildings are on low 
ground to the left, on the bank of the Delaware River. They 
may be distinguished by the ominous yellow flag, upon which is 
the letter Q, signifying Quarantine. Vessels from foreign ports 
are here boarded and examined by health-officers before proceed- 
ing up the river. The buildings consist of a main edifice with 
two wings, 180 feet long by 50 feet wide; the Physician's resi- 
dence, the Quarantine Master's residence, bams, out-houses, etc. 
These are surrounded by about twelve acres of ground. The 
Inspection Station adjoins the Lazaretto. 

A little bejoni we cross Crum Creek, and soon after Ridley 
Creek, forming the west boundary of the town of Ridley. Both 
of these creeks are furnished with draw-bridges. 
3* 57 



NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. 

CHESTER. 

Delaware Co.^ Pa., 14 m. fr. Phila. Fr, Baltimore, 84. 

This is an incorporated borough, and an important station.' 
Large quantities of milk are sent into Philadelphia from the 
country about here, and considerable manufacturing is carried on. 
It is the seat of one of the most important shipbuilding interests 
in the United States. The magnificent ships of the Pacific Mail 
Co. were built here. The village is between the R. R. and 
the river. It is the oldest town in the State, having been settled 
by the Swedes in 1643. It was then called Upland, but the name 
was changed to the present one by William Penn, after Chester, in 
England. The first Provincial Assembly of the State was held 
here in 1682, and it was the county-seat of Chester county till 
1780. It was also the county- seat of Delaware count^frora its 
organization in 1781 to 1851, when the county-seat was removed 
to Media. Crozers' High and Nor)iial School is a mile north of the 
station. Astor Ridge Seminary, for young ladies, is at Village 
Green, in the town of Astor, about six miles north-west of Ches- 
ter. Prior to the battle of Brandywine, a portion of the Ameri- 
can army crossed the Delaware from New Jersey at Chester, and 
joined the main body. After the defeat, the army retreated to 
this place and passed the night. 

LAMOKIN. 
Delaware Go. , Pa. , 14^ m. fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore, 88^. 

Junction of the Philadelphia and Baltimore Central Railroad. 

THTJRLOW. 

Dela.ware Go , Pa., 16 m.fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore, 82. 
Named after a resident in the vicinity. A little south, on the 
Delaware River, is a large rolling-mill. 

LINWOOD. 

Delaware Go., Pa., 18 m. fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore, 80. 
Formerly called Marcus Hook, after a prominent Indian Sa- 
chem, named Maarti, who lived upon the " hook," or point of 
land on which it is built. The village is very pleasantly situated 
on the Delaware, half a mile south of the station. It is the last 
station ia Pennsylvania. About 1 mile west of it, the line be- 
tween Pennsylvania and Delaware strikes the Delaware River. 

58 



I^UW YORK TO WASHINGTON. 

CLAYMONT. 

Newcastle Co., Bel, 20 m. fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore, 78. 
Formerly called Neaman's Creek. A small village a little soulh 
of the station. Rich dairy farms abound in this vicinity. 

HOLLY OAK. 

Newcastle Co., Bel, 23 m.fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore, 76. 
A small station on the bank of the Delaware, for milk trains. 

BELLEVUE. 

Neiccastle Co. , Bel. , 2 m. fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore, 75. 

This is another milk station, just half-way between New York 
and Washington. 

WILMINGTON. 
Newcastle Co., Bel, 38 m. fr. Phila. Fr. Bait., 70. 

This pleasant city, the most important and populous in the 
State of Delaware, is situated between Brandywine and Chris'tiana 
Creeks, about one mile above their junction, and two miles above 
the Delaware River, in the midst of one of the finest agricultural 
regions in the United States. The upper part of the city is built 
on the southern slope of a hill, which rises to the height of 112 
feet above tide -water, and commands a fine view of the city and 
the Delaware River. It is regularly laid out with broad streets, 
crossing each other at right angles. Market street is the principal 
thoroughfare, extending from the Brandywine to the Christiana, 
and terminated at each river by a handsome bridge. 

In 1777, immediately after the disastrous battle of Brandywine, 
in which the Americans, after a hard-fought battle, were defeated 
with great losses -on both sides, the British occupied the town. 
In 1809, it was chartered as a borovigh, and in 1832 incorporated 
as a city. In 1837, the completion of the railroad to New York 
and Baltimore gave it a new impetus, and it has since continued 
to increase in wealth and importance. 

The manufactures of Wilmington are extensive and important. 
Among them are those of steamboats, both wood and iron, steam- 
engines, agricultural implements, machines, iron castings, cotton 
and woolen goods, carriages, railway cars, and car-wheels. It has 
some of the finest flour-mills in tlie United States on the Brandy- 
wins, which is navigable for vessels drawing eight feet of water. 

59 



NEW YORK TO WASHIXG TON. 

More than one million bushels of grain are annually ground by 
these mills. Dupont's celebrated Powder Mills are in this vicinity. 

PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 

The city contains thirty churches, a city hall, a large hospital 
and almshouse, and several seminaries and academies. The Old 
/Swedes^ Church, built in 1698, is an interesting object. The 
graveyard around it contains many quaint monuments. The 
^^ Institute^'''' on Market street, is a large brick building containing 
a spacious hall, a scientific lecfcure-room, and a library of 7000 
volumes. There are five banks and three insurance offices. The 
Farmers' Mutual Insurance Company have a fine building of red 
sandstone. St. Mary^s College is in the west part of the city, on 
Ninth street. Grace Church (Episcopal) is the finest church 
edifice in the State, built of stone and tastefully adorned. The 
Water- Works were constructed in 1828, and consist of the neces- 
sary buildings and machinery for forcing the water into the 
reservoirs. They occupy the square bounded by Market, King, 
Tenth, and Eleventh streets. Wilmington is the northern ter- 
minus of the Delaware Railroad, which runs southward by way 
of Smyrna, Dover, and Seaford to Crisfield, Md., making connec- 
tions with branch-roads running to the east and west coasts of 
the peninsula. It is also the eastern terminus of the Wilmington 
and Western R. R. , which extends westward 65 miles to Lauden- 
berg, there connecting with a branch of the Pa. R. R. and the 
Southern terminus of the Wilmington and Reading R. R. extend- 
ing north to Reading, Pa. 

DELAWARE JUNCTION. 
Newcastle Co..^ Del.., 30 ?w. fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore^ 68. 

This is the junction with the Delaware Railroad line. 
NEWPORT. 
Newcastle Co.., Del., 32 m./;-. PJdla. Fr. Baltimore., 66. 

Situated on Christiana Creek ; is a venerable looking town, and 
was founded by the Swedes in 1640. The creek is navigable for 
small vessels up to this point. 

STANTON. 
Newcastle Co., Del, 34 m. fr. Phila. Fr. Baltiinore, 64. Pop. 1000. 

The village is three-fourths of a mile north of the station, in 
60 



NE W YORK TO WASHING TOK 

the parish or "hundred" of Mill Creek. It lies between White 
Clay and Red Clay creeks, a short distance above their junction. 
It was settled about two centuries ago by English " Friends," and 
derived its name from a prominent member of this society. A 
fine water power is afforded by the two creeks. 

Just before reaching- the station the railroad crosses White - 
Clay Creek, a little below its present junction with Red Clay 
Creek. Formerly it pursued a circuitous course, and entered the 
White Clay Creek below the' railroad. The portion between the 
old and new channels is called Bread and Cheese Island. 
PRICE'S WOOD STATION. 
Newcastle Co., Del, 37 m. fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore, 61. 

On the creek, a short distance south of the station, are one or 

two small mills. 

NEWARK. 

Newcastle Co. , Del. , 40 m. fr. Phiki. Fr. Baltimore 58. 
The village is about three-fourths of a mile north of the station, 
and on account of its superior educational institutions has been 
called the " Athens of Delaware." It is an old town, and was a 
place of considerable importance at the time of the Revolution. 
After the landing of the British troops at the " Head of Elk," now 
Elkton, General Washington was frequently here while conduct- 
ing his reconnoissances. A portion of the invading army passed 
through it on their march to Brandywine, and the Hessians 
amused themselves by committing various depredations on the 
undefended property. About a mile south of the station. Iron 
HiU, the highest point of land in the State, may be seen from the 
ears. In 1777, when the British were at Elkton, General Max- 
well occupied this hilL with his troops, and General Washington 
' watched the movements of the British from it. It commands a 
most extensive view of the surrounding country, including both 
the Delaware and Chesapeake bays. As the name indicates, this 
hill contains iron ore, which has been extensively mined. The 
Neioark Academy is one of the oldest in the country. It was 
founded in 1749. The old stone building was taken down in 
1840, and the present elegant building erected. Delaware College 
was chartered in 1833, and reincorporated in 1851. It is a pros- 
perous and well-endowed institution. There are also two excel- 

61 



I^A'W YORK TO WASHI.VG Toy. 

lent Female Seminaries in Newark, Two miles north of the 
town is a Mineral Spring, tlie waters of which formerly enjoyed 
a high reputation for their medicinal properties. The White Clay 
Creek, in the rear of the town, furnishes motive power for several 
paper-mills, woolen mills, etc. A stage line runs from Newark to 
Hoimoell, 18 miles. Two or three miles beyond the station we cross 
the line between Delaware and Maryland. About two miles beyond 
Newark, in an open field, within a hundred yards north of the 
railroad, are two boundary stones which mark the position of the 
" tangent j)oinV' fixed by Mason and Dixon, in 1768, preliminary 
to running the celebrated ' * Mason and Dixon's line " between 
Pennsylvania and Maryland. 

ELKTON. 
Cecil Co., Md., 46 m.fr. Phila. Fr. BaUimore,b2. 
This is the county-seat of Cecil county, and is located a little 
above the junction of Great and Little Elk creeks. It was set- 
tled in 1694 by Swedish fishermen, and was called Head of Elk 
till 1787, when it received its present name. The prominent 
buildings, besides the venerable court-house, are the Elkton 
Academy, and the Methodist, Episcopal, Presbyterian, and 

Catholic churches. 

NORTH-EAST. 

Cecil Co., Mel, 52 m. fr. Fhila. Fr. Baltimore, 46. 

This is another of the early settlements, and is named from 
the river at the head of which it is located. As we approach the 
station, we cross one of the branches of tliis river on an arched 
bridge of stone, comprising three arches. The tide-water just 
below the station is an arm of Chesapeake Bay. 
CHAELESTOWN. 
Cecil Co., Md., 55 m.fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore, 43. 

This is another of the "old towns" of Maryland, having been 
settled in 1742. It acquired sufficient importance at one time 
to be considered as a formidable rival to Baltimore. Before the 
railroad was finally located, it was contemplated to fix its terminus 
here, and convey passengers the remaining distance to Baltimore 
by steamboat. Large numbers of fire-bi;icks are made in this 
vicinity, the clay being peculiarly adapted for that purpose. A 
brick meeting-house, standing about two miles from the village, 



NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. 

was erected by William Penn for the use of the " Friends." 
Gilpin's Rock, near where the railroad crosses the stream, which 
here flows into the North-East River, is a favorite resort for pic- 
nic parties. As we approach the next station, we ride upon a 
high embankment, overlooking the head of Chesapeake Bay, etc. 

PRINCIPIO. 

Cecil Co., Md., 48 m. fr. PMla. Fr. Baltimore, 40. 
On both sides of the Principis Creek, which was explored by 
Captain John Smith in 1608. Here are large iron furnaces. 

PEREYVILLE. 

Cecil Co., Md., 61 m. fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore, 32. 

This is a small village upon the east side of the Susquehanna 
River. A magnificent bridge is built across the river to Havre de 
Grace, on the opposite side. This bridge is about seven-eighths 
of a mile in length, and cost upward of $2,000,000. Passengers 
were formerly conveyed across the river in ferry-boats, which 
were of sufficient size to taJce the locomotive and cars from one 
side to the other. A branch railroad extends from here to Port 
Depodt, four miles up the Susquehanna, at the head of tide-water. 

The lumber trade of the Susquehanna River has built up a:i 
important business at Port Deposit. Numerous immense rafts 
come down from the wild lumber regions of Pennsylvania and 
New York, and here the lumber dealers resort to make selections 
and purchases. The town is located at the base of a range of 
almost perpendicular hills, which rise above it some two or three 
hundred feet. These hills, which form the steep banks of the 
Susquehanna on either side, with their wild and varied scenery, 
give the place a rich reputation for romantic beauty. The heights 
here approach so near the water that the town is built on one 
street parallel with the river, and in its growth is obliged to exca- 
vate the hills, and fill in to the river. Granite is quarried among 
these hills, which is very much sought for on account of its supe- 
rior beauty and durability. Among the public buildings of Port 
Deposit are several neat churches, an academy, and schools. 

HAVRE DE GRACE. 

Hartford Co., Md., 62 m. fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore, 36. 
This thriving village is finely located on the west bank of the 
63 



NEW YORK TO WASHING TOK 

Susquehanna, the ground rising- with a gentle slope back from the 
river. It is surrounded by an undulating and fertile country. It 
received its name from French officers in the Revolutionary 
army, who were passing throug-h about the time it was laid out 
by the original proprietor, Robert Young Stokes, on their way to 
a southern campaign. Fancying a resemblance to a city of the 
same name in their native land, and admiring its beauty, they 
called it '' Havre de Grace," or Haven of Grace, 

ABERDEEN. 

Hartford Co., Md., 67 m. fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore, 31. 
A small village, formerly called Hall's Cross Roads, from which 
the parish or district derives its name. A stag-e runs from here 
to Churchville, six miles north-west. Just before reaching- the 
next station, a neat Norman church is seen about half a mile 
north of the railroad. This is Spesutia church, so called from 
the Utie family, so prominent in the colonial history of Maryland. 
The word Spesutia signifying the "hope of Utie." Its parish 
is one of the oldest Episcopal parishes in Maryland. 

PERRYMANSVILLE. 

Hartford Co., Md., lim.fr. Phila. Fr. BaUiin/yre, 27 . 
A small village. There are some pleasant residences here. 

BUSH RIVER. 

HalTs X Boads, Hartford Co., Md., 74 m. fr. Phila. Fr. Bal^ 

timoi'e, 24. 

At the east end of the long pile bridge over Bush River, 3089 

ifeet, or nearly three-fifths of a mile long, and containing a draw. 

Bush River is an arm of Chesapeake Bay, and was entered by 

Capt. John Smith, who called it Willowbye's River. 

EDGEWOOD. 

Hartford Co., Md., 77 m.fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore, 21. 

A station for the accommodation of residents in the vicinity, 

MAGNOLIA. 

Hartfoi-d Co., Md., 79 m. fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimm-e, 19. 

Opposite this station is Magnolia Grove, a favorite resort in 

summer for picnic and excursion parties from Baltimore. 

Soon after leaving this station, we cross Gunpowder River on a 
pile bridge 5238 feet long (only 42 feet less than a mile). This is 
also provided with a draw f >r the accommodation of small vessels. 

64 



NEW YORE TO WASHING TOK 

HAEEWOOD. 

Baltimore Co.^ Md., 81 m. fr. PIdla. Fr. Baltimm'c, 17. 
A small way station on the west side of Gunpowder River. The 
country around is a favorite resort for sportsmen. 

CHASE'S. 

BaLtimore Co.^ Jfd, 83 m. fr. PJiila. Fr. Baltimm-e.^ 15. 
A small station. There is no building-, but simply a platform. 

13 MILE SWITCH. 

Baltimore Co.., Md.., 86 m. fr. PJiila. Fr. Baltimore, 13. 
Two or three houses in the vicinity. A switch here accommo- 
dates freight trains, the principal article being wood. 

STEMMER'S RUN. 

Baltimore Co., Md., 89 m. fr. PJiila. Fr. Baltimore, 9. 
So called from the small stream that runs into the Back River 
at this point. Near here is the Locust Grove Furnace, reached 
by a short branch railroad for the transportation of iron, iron ore, 
etc. The Post-office name is Rossville. All through this region 
are the famous ducking grounds of Chesapeake Bay, including 
the numerous arms, bays, and coves. 

BACK RIVER. 

Baltimore Co., Md., 91 m. fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore, 7. 
Here is another pile-bridge, 759 feet long. A fine view ia 
afforded down the river to Chesapeake Bay. 



NEW YORK TO WASHING TON. 



BALTIMOEE. 

Baltimore Co., Md., 190 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Wash. 40. Pop. 267,354. 
Baltimore, the fourth city of the Union in population, wealth, 
and commercial importance, is situated on an arm of Chesapeake 
Bay, called Patapsco River, which empties into the Bay about 14 
miles below the city. Its latitude is 39" 17' K, and its longitude 
76" 37' W. It is admirably situated both for foreign and domestic 
commerce, being in a central position on the Atlantic coast, on a 
number of gentle eminences which greatly relieve the monotony 
found in cities built on level ground, besides increasing the facili- 
ties for drainage, etc. The limits of the city comprise about 
twelve square miles, bounded on the north, east, and west by 
broad, straight avenues, and on the south by the Patapsco River, 
whose branches make deep indentations into the land. The har- 
bor is some three miles in length. The small inner bay or 
" basin," as it is called, extends up to the business portions of 
the city and admits vessels of light draught, while the lower har- 
bor has a depth sufficient for the largest ships. This extends to 
Fell's Point and a considerable distance below, Fort McHenry 
commanding its entrance. A stream of water, called Jones's 
Falls, passes through the city from north to south, emptying 
into the harbor or north-west branch, at the city dock, and divid- 
ing the city into two portions. The eastern portion is called 
" Old Town," as far east as Central avenue ; east of this avenue 
it is called "Fell's Point; " whUe west of Jones's Falls is the 
city proper. Baltimore street is the great central avenue running 
east and west, and is the fashionable promenade and the seat of 
much of the retail and jobbing trade. It is numbered in both 
directions from the Falls, as are the other avenues running par- 
allel with it. The prefixes East and West are given t(f those 
streets on either side of the Falls, and thus the direction of the 
numbering is indicated. The central street running north and 
south is Charles street. Streets running in this direction are 
named and numbered each way from their intersection with Balti- 
more street, as North Charles street, South Charles street, etc 
Among the important streets running in this direction are Han- 

66 



HEW YORK TO WASHINGTON: 

over, Sharp, Howard, Eutaw, Light, St. Paul. Calvert, North, 
South, HoUiday, Gay, and Frederick, West of these streets the 
city is made up principally of residences, the g-reat bulk of trade 
and commerce being in the neighborhood of the basin. Exchange 
place, in Lombard street, is the focus of financial and other heavy 
business. The Merchants' Exchange, Custom-House, and Post- 
Office are located here, and in the immediate vicinity are gath- 
ered the offices of the principal bankers, brokers, etc. 

HISTORY. 

The first settler upon the present site of Baltimore was David 
Jones, after whom the stream called Jones's Falls is named. He 
built a house upon land he had purchased around the head of the 
basin in 1682. In 1726, Edward Fell settled on the east side of 
the Falls, on the tract called Fell's Point. Then the entire settle- 
ment consisted of two dwelling-houses, a mill, with a few out- 
buildings. In 1729, an act of Assembly was passed for " erecting 
a town on the north side of the Patapsco, in Baltimore county." 
In 1730 the town was surveyed off into lots, and the name Balti- 
more was given to it in honor of the proprietary. In 1768, Balti- 
more having increased to a considerable size, the county-seat of 
Baltimore county was removed to it from Joppa, in the extreme 
eastern part of the county, where it was originally located, in ac- 
cordance with an act of the Assembly ; the inhabitants of Baltimore 
having raised funds by contribution for the erection of new county 
buildings. Considerable ill feeling on the part of the inhabitants of 
the northern and eastern portions of the county, attended with some 
violence and outrage, took place on the removal of the records. 
In 1773 the publication of the first newspaper was commenced by 
William Goddard, of Rhode Island, under the title of the Mary- 
Land Journal and Baltimore Advertiser^ and about this time a line 
of packets and stages was established, communicating with Phila- 
delphia During the Revolution, Baltimore took an active and 
important part in the great struggle, furnishing soldiers, money, 
etc., and using her influence in every practicable way in behalf 
of national independence ; but no important military operations 
took place here. On the last day of the year 1796, Baltimore 
was incorporated as a city. Since that time its history has been 
that of a constant growth in population and wealth. The rats of 

67 



NEW YORK TO WASHINQTON-. 

progress may be seen in the censuses taken at different times. 

The population was, in 

1775 5,934 1830 80,620 

1790 13,530 1840 102,513 

1800 26,514 1850 169,054 

1810 46,455 1860 212,419 

1820 62,738 1870 267,354 

TRADE AND COMMEKCE. 

Two lines of European steamers sail from Baltimore, and with 
her two great Railroads, the Baltimore and the Ohio, and the 
Northern Central, she is an important competitor for the trade of 
the north-west. The two great staple articles of trade for Balti- 
more are flour and tobacco^ and it is the greatest market for these 
articles in the United States, if not in the world. 

A large amount of Bituminous Coal is brought iu here from the 
Cumberland mines in the western part of the State, Much of 
this is shipped to various ports of the United States. A consid- 
erable quantity of Anthracite Goal is also transported here by way 
of the Susquehanna River and Canal, and the Northern R. R's. 

The trade in West-India Goods and Provisions is very great, and 
is rapidly increasing. Sugar, Molasses, Coffee, and the other pro- 
ducts of the West Indies and South America are imported in im- 
mense quantities, and largely disposed of to western purchasers. 
The quantity of Lumber received here is almost incredible in 
amount. A very large wholesale Dry Goods trade has grown up 
and is rapidly increasing. Extensive commission stores have been 
erected, which carry on a very large trade with country merchants 
from the South and West. Baltimore is the largest market in the 
country for guano, imported principally from Peru. 

The industrial employments of the inhabitants are various and 
extensive. Among the most prominent manufactures are those 
of iron, copper, leather, flour, tobacco, clothing, glass-ware, bricks, 
etc. The refining of sugar and the canning of oysters are also 
extensively carried on. The rolling-mills of Baltimore are largely 
engaged in making Railroad Iron, etc. Immense quantities of 
Nails are manufactured here. Two of the most extensive Loco- 
motive Manufuctoi'ies in the country are located here, and several 
large foundries are engaged in the manufacture of Stoves^ Fur- 

68 



NEW YORE TO WASHINGTON: 

naces^ and all kinds of Cast Iron Articles, Machinery, etc. TheBaZ* 
timore Copper and Smelting Company have the largest establish- 
ment of the kind in the Union. In fact, most of the copper ore 
mined in the country is smelted here, besides much larger quanti- 
ties from Chili and Cuba. Upwards of 6,000,000 R)s. of refined 
copper are annually produced here. The works are located at 
Canton, near the eastern boundary of the city. Nearly one thous- 
and persons are directly or indirectly employed. 

The Leather business is also immense. Boots and Shoes are 
largely manufactured and sold in the South and West. 

The Flouring Mills in the city and its immediate vicinity are 
more extensive than any other branch of manufactures. There 
are .many establishments engaged in Canning Oysters. The oys- 
ters of Chesapeake Bay are highly esteemed all over the country. 
The Manufacture of Clothing employs many more hands than any 
other branch of business. Some of the largest buildiugs of the 
city are fully occupied by it. The value of its annual product is 
only excelled by that of the flouring mills. Several large Piano 
Manufactories do a successful and extensive business. Their 
pianos are noted for their good qualities and elegant finish, and 
find a ready market, especially in the South. Ship-building is one 
of the heaviest branches of business carried on here. The prin- 
cipal ship-yards are located at Fell's Point, or in that neighbor- 
hood, where the water has the necessary depth, and from them 
have been launched some of the finest and fleetest American ships. 
The name "Baltimore Clipper" is synonymous, throughout the 
world, with all that is beautiful in naval architecture, and perfect 
in the requirements of a staunch and well-appointed ship . Cot- 
ion and Woolen Goods are also manufactured to a considerable ex- 
tent. Tobacco is also largely manufactured. Among other exten- 
sive manufactures may be mentioned those of Bricks, Glass, 
Earthenware, Hats and Caps, Drugs and Chemicals, Silverware, 
Cabinet Furniture, Saddlery, Trunks, Carriages, Books, etc. 

PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 

Among these may be mentioned the Court-House, a handsome 
bnck edifice, 145 feet long, 65 feet wide, and two stories high, 



NBW YORK TO WASH IN O TON". 

with a dome. It is situated at the comer of Motmment square 
and Lexington street, and was built at a cost of $150,000. 

The Exchange^ situated in Gay street, between Second and 
Lombard, was completed in 1820, from designs by Benjamin H. 
Latrobe, Esq., at a cost of $600,000. It is 240 feet in length, 143 
in depth, and three stories in height, besides the basement. It is 
occupied by the Custom-House, the Merchants' Bank, the Post- 
OfRce, the Exchange, and a large Reading Room. The Exchange 
itself, in the centre, is a magnificent hall, 86 by 53 feet, and 115 
feet high to the top of the dome, which is 53 feet in diameter. 

The Maryland Institute^ for the promotion of the mechanical 
arts, occupies one of the largest buildings in the city, situated in 
Baltimore street, near Jones's Falls. The building is 355 feet long 
and 60 wide. The three-story edifice, fronting on Baltimore 
street, contains the library, committee-rooms, offices, etc. The 
main hall extends south from this building, and is 260 feet long. 
The annual Mechanics' Fair is held in this hall in the month of 
October, and attracts thousands of visitors. It . is one of the 
largest halls in the country. Attached to the Institute are schools 
of Design and a fine Library. Lectures on scientific and other 
subjects are given during the winter months. 

The Peahody Institute. This is one of the exhibitions of the 
princely munificence of the late Mr. George Peabody. He was 
born in Massachusetts, but resided for many years in Baltimore, 
where he laid the foundation of that immense wealth which he so 
wisely devoted, during his lifetime, to the improvement of the 
condition, physical and mental, of his fellow-men, and in such a 
way that it will be most widely felt to the remotest periods of the 
future. In 1857*he announced his intention to contribute several 
hundred thousand dollars to the founding of an Institute in 
Baltimore, for the encouragement of Art, Science, and General 
Knowledge. The main building, located opposite the Washington 
Monument, is built of brick and marble, and is 145 feet in length 
and 71 feet in width. It contains the handsomest and most 
convenient hall for lectures in the city, having a capacity for 1400 
persons. The library in the upper story is 100 feet long and 30 
feet wide, and contains 50,000 volumes. This building cost 
$133,000, independent of the gro\»nd. The design of Mr. 

70 



NUW YOUK to WASHINGTON. 

Peabcdy contemplates the erection of another building on the 
east. 

The Masonic Temple, in Charles street, near Saratoga street, is 
a fine building completed in 1870, and costing $400,000. 

The Odd Fellows' Hall, on North G-ay street, is a very handsome 
building in the castellated Gothic style of architecture. The 
Grand Lodge meets here annually. 

The New City IlaU occupies the entire square bounded by Holli- 
day, North, Lexington, and Fayette streets. It is one of the 
finest municipal buildings in the country, and cost $3,000,000. 
The height to the top of the building is 125 feet, and to the top 
of the dome 222 feet. 

CHURCHES. 

Baltimore contains not less than 160 churches, many of which 
are grand and beautiful structures, adding very much to the 
architectural decoration of the city. 

The First Presbyterian Church, on the corner of Madison and 
Park streets, is one of the finest in the United States. It is built 
of brown-stone, in rich Gothic style. It is 150 feet long and 64 
feet wide. Its spire is 250 feet in height. 

The Second, Central, and Westminster Presbyterian churches 
are also notable structures. The latter, at the corner of Fayette 
and Green streets, contains in its yard the grave of Edgar A. Poe. 

The Franklin Street Presbyterian Church, at the corner of 
Franklin and Cathedral streets, is built of white, rough-hewn 
stone, and is very handsome. 

St. PauVs Church, Episcopalian, at the corner of Charles and 
Saratoga sts. , is a handsome building on a commanding elevation. 

Grace Church, at the corner of Monument and Park streets; 
Emmanuel Church, at the comer of Reed and Cathedral streets ; 
the Memorial Church, on Townsend, near Garden street, and St. 
Luke^s Church, in Franklin square, are noted Episcopal churches. 

The Cathedral, at the corner of Cathedral and Mulberry streets, 
is one of the largest and fineSt Roman Catholic churches in this 
country. It is 190 feet long and 177 feet wide. Its dome is 69 
feet in diameter and 95 feet in height. The organ has 600 pipes 
and 36 stops. In the church are several vakinble paintings. 

St. Ignatius^ Church, at, the corner of Calvert and Madison 
71 



NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. 

streets, St. Alphonsus' Church (German), at the comer of Park 
and Saratoga streets, both Catholic, are imposing in appearance. 

Among the Methodist churches, the Charles Street^ at the cor- 
ner of Fayette street, is the handsomest. The Madkoii Avenue., 
at the corner of Townsend street, has a fine, commanding loca- 
tion. The Light Street, at the corner of Wine alley, has many 
interesting associations, as it was here that Summerfield, Maffit, 
and other distinguished lights of the church, preached in former 
days. The Independent., on the corner of Madison avenue and 
Preston street, and the Ghatsioorth^ on Pine street, are fine build- 
ings. The Methodist is the largest denomination in the city. 

The principal Baptist churches are the First., at the corner of 
Sharp and Lombard streets ; the Second, on Broadway, near Pratt 
street ; the Seventh., at the corner of Paca and Saratoga streets ; 
and the Franklin Square. 

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 

The Public School System of Baltimore, inaugurated in 1829, 
has been brought to a high degree of efficiency and usefulness. 
There are now twenty-eight Grammar and fifty-two Primary 
schools, at which about twenty-five thousand children are edu- 
cated. Besides these are the Ceritral High School, for boys, and 
the Eastern and Western High Schools., for girls, at which gradu- 
ates of the Grammar schools receive a liberal education. The 
free school system is rapidly extending over the State of Mary- 
land, and bestowing its benefits and advantages on the children, 
without distinction of race or color. 

An extensive Educatioiuil Institution for the benefit of Poor 
Children was liberally provided for by the will of the late 
John McDonogh, who left the whole of his immense fortune to 
the cities of New Orleans and Baltimore, for the purpose of 
founding an institution in each of those cities for the education 
of poor children and for other benevolent purposes. 

The Male Free School of Baltimore was established by private 
liberality, and has never received any aid from public funds, either 
of the State or city. It is located in the rear of Calvert street. 

The Coldn Institute for Girls is a similar institution, named in 
honor of the late Miss Rachael Colvin, who left a large legacy for 



NUW YORK TO WASHTNQTON. 

its organization. Miss Elizabeth Buchanan also left a considerable 
amount for the same purpose. 

The Unwersity of Maryland School of Medicine^ at the corner 
of Lombard and Green streets, sustains a high reputation as a 
medical college. Its faculty comprises the most eminent medical 
talent in the city. Connected with it is the Baltimore Infirmary^ 
in whose wards are constantly found ample material for illustrat- 
ing the various forms of disease. Clinical instruction in medi- 
cine and surgery are here given. 

The Baltimore Medical Institute, 151 Lombard street, was es- 
tablished in 1839 by Dr. J. R. W. Dunbar, an eminent physician. 

The Baltimore Female College, in St. Paul street, was chartered 
by the State of Maryland in 1849. 

The Convent of the Visitation and the Carmelite Nunnery have 
large schools for young ladies attached to them, and the College 
of Loyola and St. Mary's College are supported by the Catholics. 

The Maryland Institute, corner Baltimore and Harrison streets, 
is designed for the promotion of the mechanical arts. 

The Johns Hopkins University, founded by the late Johns Hop- 
kins, is one of the most liberally endowed institutions of the 
kind in the United States. 

LITERAllY INSTITUTIONS, LIBRARIES, ETC. 

Besides the Maryland Institute and the Peabody Institute, 
already mentioned, Baltimore has a Mercantile Library Associ- 
ation, whose library contains 26,000 well-selected volumes. It is 
in the AntheuEeum building, at the comer of St. Paul and Saratoga 
streets ; entrance at the east end of the building. All strangers 
visiting the city are entitled to the free use of this library for one 
month. There are at present upward of 1300 members, including 
ladies, who are eligible for membership. The library and reading 
rooms are open daily from 10 A.M. until 2 P.M. for the exclusive 
reception of ladies, and from 2 to lO^P.M. for members generally. 

The Maryland Historical Society has rooms in the Athenasura 
building; entrance "at the west end. Here are about 10,000 
volumes of historical works, relating principally to American 
States, cities, etc. , and including over 300 volumes of newspapers, 
Bome of which are the earliest printed in the State. There is also 
4 73 



NEW YORK TO WASHINOTOK 

an extensive collection of rare historical manuscripts, paintings, 
drawings, maps, coins, medals, etc., open to the public. 

CHAKITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 

The Buy View Af^ylum^ the almshouse of Baltimore County, 
situated in Canton, a little east of the city, upon an eminence, in 
full view of the Philadelphia Railroad, is a very large and impos- 
ing building. Permits to visit the institution may be obtained 
from the mayor, or any of the board of trustees. 

Mount Hoiie Hosjyital foi' the Insane^ at the comer of North 
avenue and Bolton street, was established in 1844, and is under 
the care of the Sisters of Charity. It is 182 feet + 40 feet deep. 

The NeiD Mount Hope Asylum^ recently completed, is located 
on the Reisterstown road, four miles from the city, and is built of 
brick made on the ground. The bases, etc. , are of granite, and 
the cornices are ornamented with heavy iron Corinthian caps. 
The main building is six stories, and the wingt? five stories in 
height, with a cupola on each, commanding fine views. 

The Maryland Hos^yital for the Insane is located on Monument 
street, east of Broadway. This was founded by private liberality, 
but h.is become a State Institution, having received State aid. 

The Maryland Institution for the Instruction of the Blind, 
formerly located on Saratoga street, now occupies a fine building 
on North avenue, near Charles street, erected at a cost of $75,000. 

The Baltimore Orphan Asylum is a large and commodious 
building on Strieker street, near Lexington, and was founded in 
1801 for the maintenance of poor orphan children under nine 
years of age. 200 girls and 100 boys are supported here. Visitors 
are admitted on Tuesdays and Fridays, from 2 to 7 P.M. 

The Union Orphan Asylum is situated on the corner of Frank- 
lin and Schroder streets. 

The Children's Aid Society occupy a building at No. 72 North 
Calvert street, near Pleasant. 

The Hicks Hospital, named in honor of Governor Hicks, was 
built near the close of the late war, for the treatment of wounded 
soldiers. There are several buildings constructed of wood. 

The Aged Men''s Home and the Aged IVoinen's Home are two 
distinct but adjoining buildings, on the corner of Fayette and 

74 



NEW YORK TO WASHING TON. 

Calhoun streets. They are designed to furnish comfortable 
homes to a limited number of aged persons, at a moderate cost. 

The Maryland Soldiers' Home is located at 16G West Lombard 
street. It was founded in 1865 for disabled and invalid soldiers, 
by the liberality of a number of citizens. 

The Union Protestant Infirmary is on the comer of Mosher 
and Division streets. It is a handsome and commodious building, 
built and fitted up expressly " to provide a Christian Asy- 
lum for the reception of the sick and suffering, where they may 
receive kind nursing and skilful medical treatment at reasonable 
rates, or gratuitously, as circumstances may require, and may 
enjoy the privilege of reading the sacred Scriptures and the con- 
solations of Protestant religious instruction." All the different 
Protestant denominations are represented in the skilful and en- 
ergetic board of lady managers. 

The Baltimore Infirmary \B connected with the University Med- 
ical school, as already mentioned. Its patients are attended by 
the faculty of the University and nursed by the Sisters of Charity. 

There are many Dispensaries where medicines and treatment 
are furnished to the poor ; namely, the Baltimore, at the north- 
east comer of Liberty and Fayette streets; North- Eastern, East 
Monument street, near Gay ; Southern, No 48 Conway street ; the 
Mistern, cor. of East Baltimore st. and Central avenue, and others. 

PRISONS. 

The Maryland Penitentiary is an extensive building of brick 
and stone occupying the eastern part of the square between Mad- 
ison, Forrest, and Truxton streets. It Is separated from the 
county jail by a wall twenty feet in height. The prisoners are 
employed in the various mechanical arts. 

The Baltimore County Jail is a very ornamental castellated 

structure of granite and marble. The central building is 404 

.feet long, fronting on Barclay street. It is well ventilated and 

warmed, and is lighted with gas. Every part of it is fire-proof. 

Visitors are admitted with permits from the city authorities. 

The House of Refuge, opened in 1855, is located near the Elli- 
cott's Mills Railway, a little beyond the western limits of the 
city. About 400 children are accommodated. Trades are taught. 
Visitors are admitted with permits from the commissioners. 

75 



NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. 

PUBLIC PARKS. 

Baltimore is more fortunate than other American cities in hav- 
ing a great park in which the grounds, trees, etc. , have been in 
process of skilful artistic preparation for more than 100 years. 

Druid Hill Park is situated about one third of a mile north of 
the city limits, between the Northern Central Railway on the east, 
the Reisterstown road on the west, and the Woodbury Mill road 
on the north. It contains 500 acres, and was purchased in 18G0 
by the city of Raltimore, at a cost of $500,000. It occupies the 
highest point of land in the immediate vicinity of the city, and 
from its principal eminences commands magnificent views of 
the city, harbor, and bay beyond, for many miles up and down. 
It was, before its purchase, in the possession of the Rogers family 
for a century and a half, during which the skilful arrang^ements 
of some early proprietor have been carefully maintained. The 
mansion, nearly in the centre of the park, is 336 feet above tide- 
water. A hill in the rear, the highest in the park, rises forty 
feet higher, or 366 feet above tide-water. Toward the south and 
east, the ravines descending towards Jones's Falls form secluded 
valleys generally densely wooded, while on the west the surface 
is a comparatively level plateau as far as the Reisterstown road, 
and descends toward the Woodbury Mill road on the north. A 
handsome gateway has been erected at the Madison avenue en 
trance. Access is had to the park by two city railroads, and by 
the Northern Central Railway. 

Franklin Square^ on high ground, between Carey, Calhoun, 
Fayette, and Lexington streets, commands fine views. 

Union Square is pleasantly situated, between Wilmore, Strieker, 
Lombard, and HoUins streets. 

Lafayette Square is on an eminence west of Fremont street, 
and between Lanwale, Townsend, Republican, and Oregon streets. 

Patterson Square is a large and handsome square, between 
Baltimore, Gough, Gist, and Luzerne streets, at end of east Lom- 
bard street. It commands an extensive view of the city and bay, 
and contains the remains of fortifications erected in 1814. 

Madison Square is between North Eden, North Carolina, £ast 
Eager, and East Chase streets, near Belle Air avenue. 

76 



NUW YORK TO WASHING TOK 

MONUMENTS. 

On account of tbe number and prominence of its monuments, 
Baltimore has been denominated the "Monumental City." 

WasJiington Monument, the most remarkable of these, stands 
in a small inclosed square, at the intersection of Charles and 
Monument streets. Its base. 50 feet square and 20 feet high, 
supports a Doric column, 17Gi feet in height, which is surmount- 
ed by a colossal statue of Washington, 16 feet high, giving it an 
elevation, at the top, of 312^ feet above tide-water. The column 
is 20 feet in diameter at the base, and 14 feet at the top, and may 
be ascended by means of a winding staircase within. From the 
top, a most magnificent view of the city and surroundings is had. 
It is constructed of white marble, and cost $200,000. 

Battle Monmnent^ also a beautiful structure of marble, is situa- 
ted in Monument square, in Calvert, near Lexington street. 
From the base, which is square, and ornamented with various de- 
vices, rises a fascial column, symbolical of the Union, 18 feet 
high. On the bands which bind together the rods are inscribed 
the names of those who fell while defending the city from the 
attack of the British, September 12th, 1814. This is surmounted 
by a beautiful statue of a female, 7^ feet high, making the entire 
height of the Monument 52^ feet. 

The Odd Fellows\ or Wildey Monument^ is on Broadway, above 
Baltimore street, on an elevated situation where it can be seen 
from a great distance. It was erected in honor of Thomas Wildey, 
who founded the Independent Order of Odd Fellows in America, 
and is intended by its symbolical carvings, and its inscriptions, to 
commemorate the character and history of the Order in this 
country. The design comprises a granite base 10 feet square, 
whose diagonals or corners range with the cardinal points of the 
compass. Upon this base is another white marble base, on 
which is a pedestal supporting a Grecian Doric column, sur- 
mounted by a life-size figure of Charity. The entablature, ped- 
estal, and base of the column, are covered with emblematical 
carvings and inscriptions. The entire height of the monument 
is 52 feet, and its cost was about $18,000. The site was given 
by the city of Baltimore. 

The McDonogh Statue was erected in Greenmount Cemetery, 
77 



NEW YORK TO WASHING TOK 

on Greenmount avenue, in the nortliern part of the city. On his 
death, in 1850, he left an immense fortune to the cities of New- 
Orleans and Baltimore, to be devoted to the education of the poor 
children of those cites. The statue, considerably larger than life, 
is erected in a conspicuous position on an elevated portion of the 
cemetery. The monument consists of a massive granite base; 
supporting a marble pedestal 14 feet high, upon which stands the 
statue, which is said to be a good representation of the man. 

CEMETERIES. 

Qreenmount Cemetery. This is located on Greenmount avenue, 
about two miles north of Baltimore street, near the north line of 
the city. It is a beautiful tract of about sixty acres, laid out 
and embellished in the most tasteful and appropriate manner. 
Strangers may obtain admittance on application at the g,ate. 

Baltimore Cemetery. This comprises about 100 acres in the 
north-eastern corner of the city. It is reached by the Gay st. cars. 

Loudon Park Cemetery. Situated on the Ellicott's Mills Pas- 
senger Railway, about three miles from the city. The location is 
very picturesque, commanding at several points fine views of the 
city and bay. It contains some fine monuments and statues. 

Mount Olivet Cemetery is on the Frederick road, about 2^ miles 
from the center of the city. 

Besides these there are several smaller cemeteries in different 
parts of the city. 

THE WATER-WORKS. 

Baltimore is principally supplied with water from Jones's Falls. 
The old Water Company was established in 1804, and water con- 
veyed through the city in 1807. In 1854 this company sold its 
entire rights and properties to the city for $1,350,000. There 
were then two reservoirs on Charles street, near the northern 
boundary, holding 25,000,000 gallons. New works were com- 
menced in 1858, greatly increasing the capacity. 

Sicanii Lake^ named after Governor Thomas Swann, then 
Mayor of the city, is an artificial reservoir formed at the head of 
Jones's Falls, near the Relay House, on the west side of tho 
Northern Central Railway, about eight miles from the city. It 
covers about 116 acres, is 225 feet above tide-water, and contains 

78 



NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. 

500,000,000 g-allons. From the lake a brick conduit or acqueduct 
conveys the water to 

Hampden lieservoir, a smaller basin, situated at the Falls road, 
near Hampden, opposite the Druid Hill Park. It is 217 feet 
higher than tide -water, and holds about 50,000,000 gallons. From 
this reservoir pipes extend across the falls and along the railway to 

Mou7it Royal Beserwir, near the intersection of North avenue 
by the railway. The scenery in this vicinity is very picturesque. 
The reservoir is circular, its diameter 550 feet, area 5 acres, height 
above tide-water 150 feet, and capacity 30,000,000 gallons. From 
the reservoir the distribution pipes extend throughout the city. 

Lake Chapman. In order to render the supply of water to the 
<}ity still more abundant and secure, and at the same time to in- 
crease the beauties and attractions of Druid Hill Park, the city 
authorities purchased the tract south of the park, and by build- 
ing a dam 750 feet long this lake has been formed, containing 55 
acres. The dam is 119 feet deep in the centre, 520 feet wide at 
the broadest part of the base, and 40 feet wide on the top. It is 
estimated that the reservoir will contain 600,000,000 gallons, or 
enough to supply the city at the rate of 10,000,000 daily for 60 
days. The engineer of these works is James S. Suter, Esq. 

YARIOUS OBJECTS OF INTEREST. 

Foi't McHeni'y. This famous fort is on the extremity of Whet- 
stone Point, about three miles from the center of the city. The 
associations connected with the war of 1814 and the late 
war render it an interesting place to visit. It was during its 
bombardment in 1814 that the well-known national song of " The 
Star-Spangled Banner" was composed by Francis S. Key, then a 
prisoner on one of the British ships. It is named in honor of 
McHeury, an early promient citizen. 

The MerchanW Shot Tower. This lofty building, on the corner 
of Fayette and Front streets, was built of brick, in 1828. Its 
height is 246 feet, diameter at the base 40 feet, at the top 20 feet. 
The walls are 4^ feet thick at the bottom, and 18 inches at the 
top. It contains 1,100,000 bricks. Those who will undergo the 
fatigue of ascending to the top will be rewarded with a magnifi- 
cent view. It is stated as a curious fact that during a strong 
wind the top will oscillate eight or ten inches. 

79 



NUW YORK TO WAHHINGTOK. 

KAILROAD DEPOTS. 

Baltimore and Ohio R. R,, Camden street, between Eutaw and 
Howard ; Baltimore and Potomac R. R. , Union Depot, Charles 
street; Northern Central R. R., Union Depot, Charles street ; Phil- 
adelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore R. R., President street; 
Western Maryland R. R. , Calvert street. 

STEAMBOAT LINES. 

There are steamship lines running to Liverpool^ Havana, New- 
Orleans^ SavamiaJi, Charleston, Wilmington, Boston, New Tork^ 
Norfolk, Richmond, and other ports. Besides these there are 
some ten or twelve lines running up and down the bay, and to 
different ports on the Atlantic coast, some of them connecting 
with canals and inland navigation. 

PRINCIPAL PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 
Academy of Music, Howard St., between Franklin and Center Sts. 
Concordia Opera House, cor. Eutaw and German Sts. 
Ford's Opera House, Fayette St., near Eutaw St. 
Front St. Theater, Front St. , near Gay St. 
Holliday St. Theater, HoUiday St., opposite the City Hall. 

PRINCIPAL HOTELS. 
Carrollton Hotel, Light St. , near Baltimore St. $4 per day. 
Barnum's Hotel, Calvert St., comer Fayette St., $4 per day. 
Eutaw House, Eutaw St., cor. Baltimore St., $3.50 per day. 
CiUY's, Monument Square, European plan, restaurant attached. 
Howard House, Howard St., near Baltimore St., $2 per day. 
Maltby House, Pratt St., near Light, $3 per day. 
St. Clair Hotel Calvert St., near Fayette St. 
Mount Vernon Hotel, Monument St., European plan. 
Rennert's House, Fayette St., near Calvert St. 

BALTIMORE TO WASHINGTON. 
The traveler has a choice of two routes in going from Balti- 
more to Washington : the W^ashington Branch of the Baltimore <& 
Ohio U. B., and the Baltimore & Potomac B. B. The distance 
by the former is 40 m. , and by the latter 43 m. ; time 1^ to 2 hrs. ; 
fare $1.30. The country traversed is flat, with few picturesque, 
and no striking features. On leaving the Baltimore station the 
trains of the Baltimore & Potomac line pass through the great 
tunnels beneath the city (7,500 ft. long), and just before entering . 
Washington through another tunnel 1,500 ft. long. The first view '^ 
of the Capitol in approaching the city is very fine, and should not 
be lost. 

80 



NEW YORK TO WAfiHIXOTOlT. 

WASHINGTON. 

BMrict of Columhia. 

The Capital of the United States of America, named in honor 
of its most distinguished patriot, is situated on the Potomac River 
at the head of its navigation, lOo miles from Chesapeake Bay, and 
1 71 miles from the Atlantic Ocean. The location was selected by- 
Washington himself, and the Act of Congress creating the District 
of C'jiumbia \^as passed July 16th, 1790. At that time the seat 
of Grovemment was at Philadelphia. The law provided that the 
Government should be moved to Washington in 1800, and that 
during the intervening time, suitable buildings should be erected 
for the President, Congress, and the public offices. 

The District of Columbia was exactly ten miles square, and was 
laid off diagonally in reference to the points of the compass, ^.6., 
its boundary lines bear north-east, north-west, etc. Its southern 
angle was at Jones's Point, just south of Alexandria, on the west 
side of the Potomac. It comprised portions of the territory of 
the States of Virginia and Maryland, which were ceded by them 
to the general government. The portion which was derived from 
Virginia, lying south-west of the river, was, however, ceded back 
to that State in 1846, and the remaining portion, containing 60 
square miles, lies entirely on the north-eastern side of the river, 
la 1871 the District of Columbia was organized as a Territory, by 
Act of Congress. Its municipal form of government was abrogated 
and a legislature of two houses, a governor, and a delegate in 
Congress was given it. The rule of the District, however, fell into 
unworthy hands, and Congress repealed the organic act and 
devolved the administration of affairs on a Board of Commis- 
sioners appointed by the President. The people of the District 
have therefore no vote in their own affairs. 

The city of Washington occupies a nearly central position ia 
the District, on the left bank of the Potomac, in the fork made by 
the eastern branch. Its streets are laid out exactly parallel with 
the meridian, or at right angles with it, with the exception of a 
number of broad avenues, which intersect the others ia diagonal 
4* SI 



NIUW YORK TO WASHINGTON 

^-lirectionf?. These have the names of the fifteen States which 
joraprised the Union at the time the city was laid out. The 
length of the city in the direction of the river ia 4| miles, and its 
width about 2^ miles. The President's hoiise and the Capitol 
are somewhat more than a mile apart, and are the centers around 
each of which several of the broad diagonal avenues radiate in 
different directions. The former is 44 feet above the Potomac* 
and the latter 72 feet. Pennsylvania avenue is the main thor- 
oughfare, extending between the Capitol and the President's 
house, and upon it are built many of the principal hotels, stores, 
etc. The streets are alphabetically and numerically named in 
each direction, commencing at the Capitol. Broad avenues run 
north, south, and east from the Capitol, called North, South, and 
East Capitol streets. The other streets running east and west 
have the alphabetical names, there being two of each letter. 
Thus, A street North is the first street north of East Capitol street. 
B street South is the second street south, etc. The streets 
running north and south are numbered and designated east and 
west. Thus East First street is the first street east of North or 
South Capitol street ; West Third street is the third street west 
etc. The streets are from 70 to 110 feet in width, and the 
avenues from 130 to 160 feet. The city has become one of the 
largest in the country, with a population of 109,199 in 1870, and is 
laid out on so grand a scale that it may be many years before all 
its streets are lined with buildings. It has acquired the name of 
the "City of Magnificent Distances." 

PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 
The public buildings are generally worthy of the great political 
metropolis of the country. First of these, in architectural gran- 
deur as well as general interest, is 

THE CAPITOL, 

which contains the halls of the national legislature. Supreme 
Court, etc. It is situated on an eminence facing the west, and 
commands a view of the entire city, the heights of Georgetown, 
the windings of the Potomac, and the city of Alexandria. The 
central part of the edifice, recently remodeled and extended, was 
commenced in 1793, and completed in 1815. The corner-stone of 

82 



^^EW YORK TO WASHINGTON: 

the extension was laid by President Fillmore, July 4th, 1851, with 
Masonic ceremonies, on which occasion the Hon. Daniel Webster 
delivered a brilliant oration. TJie new wings are each 325 feet 
in length from east to west, including porticos and steps, by 153 
feet from north to south, also including porticos, and are con- 
nected to the main building by corridors, each 44 feet in length 
and 56 feet in width, making the entire lengt^\ of the building 
from north to south 751 feet. The top of the building is sur- 
rounded by a balustrade of stone, and surmounted by a lofty 
dome in the centre. The entire building covers a little more 
than three and a half acres. The material of the older or central 
building is a white sandstone, from an island in Acquia Creek, 
Va. The extension is built of fine white marble from Lee, Mass. 
The porticos fronting east have each twenty-two fluted columns. 
There is also a portico of ten columns on the west end of each 
wing, and similar porticos on the north side of the north wing 
and south side of the south wing. The columns are of white 
marble from Maryland. The main entrances are by the three 
eastern porticos, to which easy access is had by broad flights of 
stone steps. The more frequent entrances, however, are from 
the rear, the larger and more populous portion of the city being 
on that side. In the centre of the entire structure is the Dome^ 
the general outline of which resembles that of St. Peter's of 
Rome and St. Paul's of London. Its interior diameter is 96 feet, 
and its exterior diameter is 125 feet. Its height above the ground 
is 300 feet, or 230 feet above the roof of the Capitol. It is built 
of iron, and surmounted by a colossal statue of Freedom, in 
bronze, by Crawford. The structure is double, and between the 
two shells a winding staircase affords access to the very summit. 
Directly under the dome is the Hoiumla^ a circular room 96 
feet in diameter, and rising to the entire height of the interior of 
the dome. It is surrounded by an ordonnance of fluted pilasters 
30 feet high. Between these pilasters are hung eight paintings 
on canvas, each 18 feet long and 12 feet high. Four of them 
were painted by Col. John Trumbull under orders from Congress, 
given in 1817, at a cost of $8,000 each, and illustrate : 

The Declaration of Independence^ July 4, 1776. Prominent in 
this picture are the figures of Jefferson, Adams, Franklin, Hau- 

83 



NEW Y6rK to WASHINGTON. 

cock, and Rutledge, The Sm^render of Burgoyne^ October, 1777, 
at Saratoga. The principal actors portrayed are General Bur- 
goyne, the English commander, in the act of tendering his SAvord 
to the American General Gates. The Surrender of GornwalUs, 
October, 1781, at Yorktowii, Va. Among the prominent figures 
are General Lincoln, who received the surrender on behalf of the 
American army, by direction of General Washington, General 
Eochambeau, the commander of the French troops serving with 
the Americans, and General O'Hara (one of Comwallis's staff) 
at the head of the English troops. The Resignation of Washing- 
ton as Commander-in-Chief of the Army. The scene is in the 
State House at Annapolis, Maryland, on the 23d of December, 1783. 

The remaining four pictures on the eastern side of the hall are 
illustrative of events connected with the early history of America. 
They are : The Baptism of Pocahontas, Ja7n€stoiD7i, Va., 1613. 
John Gadsby Chapman, artist. Ordered by Congress in 1836, at 
a cost of $10,000. The Discovery of the Mississippi River, by De 
JSoto, May, 1541. Artist, William H. Powell. Ordered by Con- 
gress in 1850, at a cost of $12,000. The Landing of Columbus, 
Bahama Islands, October, 1492. John Vanderlyn, Artist. Or- 
dered by Congress in 1842, at a cost of $10,000. The Embarka- 
tion of the Pilgrims from Delft- Haven, Holland, July, 1620. O. S. 
Weir, artist. Ordered by Congress in 1836, at a cost of $10,000. 
Hanging under each of the above is a diagram, in outline, with 
numbers, whereby the individuals in the picture may be identified. 
These pictures have become familiar to American people by be- 
ing engraved on the backs of the bills of National banks. The 
wall above these paintings is ornamented with panels of arabesque 
in bass-relief. Four alternate panels contain heads of Columbus, 
Raleigh, Cabot, and La Salle. In panels over the four doors of 
the Rotunda are alto-relievos in stone : '"'■ Pemo's Treaty ivith the 
Indians,'' by Gevelot ; the ^'Landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth,''^ 
the " Conflict of Daniel Boone icith the Lidians,'" both by Cansici; 
and the ^'Rescue of Cajjtain John Smith by Pocahontas,'" by 
Capellano. 

The Senate Chamber is in the center of the north wing. It is 
rectangular in form, 112 feet long, 82 feet wide, and 30 feet high. 
The ceiling is of cast-iron, deeply paneled with richly ornamented 

84 



NjEW YORK TO WASinyoToy. 

stained g-lass skylights. Galleries capable of seating upward of a 
thousand people surround the hall. Opening from the portico on 
the easj front to the vestibule in the north or Senate wing is a 
bronzi -loor fourteen feet six inches high, and nine feet six inches 
wide. This is one of two doors for w^hich orders were given to 
Mr. Crawford, it being the intention to have another similar to 
it in a corresponding place in the south wing. The death of the 
artist when the model for the door was incomplete frustrated that 
design, and for the finished work now in this door we are indebted 
to W. H. Rhinehart, at the time an assistant to Crawford, who 
took up the work, and with the help of the original designs car- 
ried the models to completion. The door weighs 14,000 pounds, 
and was cast at the Ames Works, Chicopee, Mass. Total cost 
for models and casting about $5o,000. The design is to illustrate 
Peace and War, which are typified in the foot panels, by histori- 
cal events of the Revolutionary period. The right division of the 
door represents successively from the top downward : Battle of 
Bunker Hill and Death of Warren, 1775. Battle of Monmouth^ 
1778, with Washington in the act of his famous rebuke of General 
Lee. Battle of Torktown^ 1781, with Hamilton capturicg an 
earthwork. Upon the left division of the door from the top 
downward, are represented : Laying the Corner Stone of the 
Capitol, 1793. Inauguration of Washington as first President 
of the United States, 1789. Welcome of Washington at Trenton, 
1789. Above the door are two marble female figures, represent- 
ing Justice and History, reclining upon a globe. These are also by 
Crawford. Adjoining this chamber are retiring rooms for Sena- 
tors, reception rooms, presiding officers' rooms, etc. , all finished in 
magnificent style, with walls and columns of white and red mar- 
ble, and the ceilings gorgeously gilded and painted. 

The JEFall of Rejyresentatives is in the center of the south wing, 
and is larger and more highly ornamented than the Senate Cham- 
ber. It is 139 feet long, 93 feet wide, and 30 feet high. Its 
galleries will accommodate 1200 with seats. 

The Speaker's room is immediately in the rear of his chair, and 
is highly decorated with paintings and frescoes. Magnificent 
marble staircases give access to the galleries here and in the Sen- 
ate Chamber, and are some of the most striking architectural 

85 



NUW YORK TO WASHINGTON. 

features of the building. On the staircase leading to this gallery 
is a large fresco painting by Leutze, representing a group of Emi- 
grcDits crossing the Rocky Mountains., and illustrating the west- 
ward progress of civilization. 

The Supreme Court Chamber., formerly the Senate Chamber, 
is on the east side of the north wing of the center building, and 
is semi-circular in form, 75 feet in length, and 45 in height. 

The Old Hall of Representatives.! in the south wing of the center 
building, is also semi-circular in form, 95 feet in length and 60 
feet in height. It will be used hereafter as a receptacle for his- 
torical paintings and sculpture. 

The Congressional Library room is west of the rotunda, and 
fronts upon the western part of the park and upon the city. 

Outside of the building are some fine Sculptures in alto-relievo. 
The tympanum of the central pediment has a group representing 
the " Genius of America.,'^'' by Persico, said to have been designed 
by John Quincy Adams. The northern pediment contains a group 
by Crawford representing the " Progress of Cirilizaiion in the 
United States.'''' Upon the south side of the steps to the central 
portico is a group by Greenough, depicting the " Early Struggles 
of Settlers in the Wilderness ; " and on the north side another by 
Persico, the " Discovery of America by Columbus.'''' On either 
side of the eastern entrance to the Rotunda are statues of Peace 
and War, also by Persico. In the eastern part of the park is 
Greenough's colossal statue of Washington. The entire cost of 
the Capitol, including the grounds, has been about $12,000,000. 

The Presidential Mansion was completed in 1815, and forms a 
center from which radiate Pennsylvania, New York, Connecticut, 
and Vermont avenues. Its grounds cover about twenty acres, ex- 
tending southerly to the Potomac. The building is of white free- 
stone, with Ionic pilasters, two lofty stories in height, and sur- 
mounted by a stone balustrade. The front of the building facing 
north is ornamented with a lofty portico, consisting of a colon- 
nade of four Ionic columns, beyond which project three more. 
Between these two colonnades is the driveway for carriages. The 
public rooms are always open to strangers, and the President has 
occasional receptions, when the public at large are at liberty to 
pay him their respects, and to promenade the famous " East 

86 



NEW YORK TO WASHINOTOK 

room." On summer afternoons a concert is given by the Marine 
Band in tlie grounds near the house, making them a pleasant and 
fashionable promenade. 

A bronze Statue of TJwmas Jefferson stands immediately in 
front of the house ; and in the center of Lafayette Square, just 
across the street on the north, which connects the two portions 
of Pennsylvania avenue, is Mills's Equestnan Statue of General 
Jackson^ cast from cannon captured by the Greneral. A duplicate 
of this statue was executed for the city of New Orleans. 

The State Department at present occupies a building belonging 
to the Protestant Orphan Asylum of Washington, The building is 
located on Fourteenth st. , and is temporarily occupied by the De- 
partment until the completion of the building mentioned in connec- 
tion with the War and Navy Departments. It was in this build- 
ing that the Joint High Commission held its sessions in the Spring 
of 1871, and framed the Treaty of Washington as a basis for the 
settlement of the existing points of difEerence between the govern- 
ment and Great Britain. All the passports necessary for Ameri- 
can citizens traveling abroad are issued here; also pardons by 
the President of convicted offenders against United States laws. 
The library of the department contains a remarkable collection 
of curious state papers. 

The Treasury Department building is east of the Executive 
Mansion, also within its grounds. It is a costly and imposing edi- 
fice, built of granite from the State of Maine. Its front, on West 
Fifteenth street, is 457 feet in length, and consists of a grand 
colonnade stretching the entire length of the building. 

The War Department building is north-west of the Presidential 
Mansion. Nearly a hundred clerks are employed here. Here 
may be seen a large collection of trophies from the battlefields of 
the different wars the country has been engaged in. 

The Navy Department occupies a building directly west of the 
President's house and south of the War Department. Scattered 
throughout this department are captured flags and other trophies. 

The Department of the Interior is located in one of the most in- 
teresting and extensive buildings in the metropolis. This build- 
ing, commonly called the Patent Office, occupies the entire square 
between North F and G, and West Seventh and Ninth streets 

87 



NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON'. 

It is 406 feet long, with two x^dngs, each 375 feet deep. Its height 
is 75 feet. The sub-divisions of the department are the Land, 
Patent, Pension, and Indian OflBces. In the Patent Ofl&ce may be 
found models of all the machines which have been p»atented since 
the foundation of the government. The proverbial ingenuity of 
the American people, and the interest taken by them in new in- 
ventions, renders the Patent Office very attractive to a large pro- 
portion of those who visit this city. 

The General Post- Office^ on the comer of North E and West 
Seventh streets, is one of the handsomest buildings in the city, 
built of white marble, in the Italian palatial style. It is three 
stories high, 204 feet long, and 102 feet deep ; it contains twenty- 
seven rooms on each floor. The Dead-Letter Office is connected 
with this department, and is an interesting place to visit. 

The City Post- Office occupies the central gro\md floor of the 
General Post-Office Building, with its entrance on F street north. 

The Smithsonian Institution is about half-way between the 
Capitol grounds and the Potomac River, in that part of the public 
grounds which extend west from the Capitol. This institution 
was organized in accordance with the will of James Smithson, who 
left to the United States the sum of $515,169, " to found at 
Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an 
establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among 
men," The money was received in 1838, and the act of Congress 
establishing the Institution as it now exists was passed in 1846. 
The building is of reddish sand-stone ; its extreme length 450 
feet, and its width 140 feet. It has nine towers, varying in height 
from 75 to 155 feet. The grounds around it have been orna- 
mented with great taste and care. The management is vested in 
a Board of Regents, composed of the Vice-President of the United 
States, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, the Mayor of 
Washington, three members of the Senate, three of the House of 
Representatives, to be selected by the President and Speaker 
thereof, with six others from different parts of the country, to be 
chosen by the ex-officio members. Prof. Joseph Henry, then of 
Princeton College, N. J., was originally chosen Secretary, in 
which office he still continues. Under his skilful and efficient 
management the Institution is taking very high rank among the 



NIW YORK TO WASHINGTON-. 

scientific institutions of the world. A portion of the museum and 
libraiy was destroyed by fire in 1866, but the damage has been 
repaired, and the lost objects, as far as is possible, replaced. 

The United States Coast-Survey Office is on the west side New- 
Jersey Avenue, a little south of the Capitol, and occupies four old 
houses. The work here carried on is of the hig-hest importance. 

The National Observatory is located on the Potomac, a little 
south of west from the President's house, and not far from the 
line of Georgetown. The site is a beautiful one, commanding a 
fine view of Washington, Georgetown, and the Potomac River. 
The Obs^vatory is connected with the Navy Department, and its 
collection of instruments is surpassed in the extent and complete- 
ness only by the National Observatory of Russia. Among the in- 
struments are the Great Equatorial^ with a fourteen-feet re- 
fracting telescope, having an object-glass nine inches in diameter. 
In the room with the Transit instrument, by which the chrono- 
meters belonging to the navy are regulated, is t^ie Electro- Ghrono- 
grajyli^ invented by Dr. Locke, of Cincinnati, by means of which 
the longitude of different places in the country has been deter- 
mined with great precision. Ofl&ce hours are from 9 a.m. to 3 
P.M. Visitors meet with politeness and attention. 

The Washington Arsenal is located on Greenleaf's Point, the 
southern extremity of the city. Its position is a commanding 
one, and convenient for its purposes. Here are spacious store- 
houses for arms of every description, workshops for the manu- 
facture of small arms, gun-carriages, ammunition, etc. 

The Model Office contains models or patterns of all the arms 
ctnd equipments used in the service, and many of those used in 
foreign countries. In the Gun lot are great numbers of cannon 
and balls piled up in pyramids, and in front of the old Arsenal 
Square are arranged trophies, consisting of captured cannon, etc. 
West of the Arsenal Grounds, are curious-looking pyramidal 
structures, containing the Ballistic Pendulum, and other arrange- 
ments for scientific experiments on gunnery. 

The Navy Yard is bounded by East Sixth and East Ninth sts., 
M street south, and the East Branch. This area covers about 
twenty acres, and is inclosed by a substantial brick wall, having 
a principal entrance at the foot of Eighth street, through a hand- 

89 



NJ3W YORK TO WASHINGTON. 

some arched gateway. The extensive workshops, comprisiiig 
foundries, forges, rolling-mill^ machine-shops, etc., are interesting 
to visitors. The grounds are beautifully laid out, the avenues 
shaded with fine trees, the grass plats neatly inclosed, and the 
whole preserved in handsome order. The officers of the yard 
have commodious residences within the grounds. 

The City Hall occupies a commanding position on Judiciary 
square, fronting on the intersection of Indiana and Louisiana 
avenues with D street north. It is a handsome stuccoed building 
200 feet in length. 

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 

The Columbian College is located on an eminence, a little north 
of the city limits, near the line of West Fourteenth street. It is 
a handsome brick edifice, four stories high, and overlooks the city, 
the surrounding country, and the Potomac for many miles. 

The National Medical College was organized as a department of 
the Columbian College in 1823, and is in successful operation at 
No. 453 Fourteenth street, between F and G streets. In assum- 
ing its present name, it has been newly organized, and its facili- 
ties for instruction greatly extended. 

The Medical Department of Georgetown College is located at the 
comer of F and Twelfth streets. 

The Gonzaga College is located on North F street, between 
West Ninth and Tenth streets. It was formerly Washington 
Seminary, but was raised to the rank of a college, May, 1858, and 
incorporated by Act of Congress as Gonzaga College. It is con- 
ducted by the Fathers of the Society of Jesus. 

Howard Vniversity, on Seventh street, is incorporated as a 
National University, there being no designation of race in the 
act of incorporation. The Normal and Preparatory Department 
was opened May 2d, 1867. 

The National Institute^ founded in 1840, has for its object the 
promotion and diffusion of scientific knowledge. It has a good 
library and a cabinet of medals, coins, etc. It occupies apart- 
ments in the Patent Office building. 

The Washington Library Company own and occupy a building 
on Eleventh street, between C street and Pennsylvania avenue. 
The shares of the company are sold at $12, with an annual assess- 

90 



yUW YORK TO WASHmarOK 

ment of $3. There are now about 10,000 volumes in the library, 
including many rare and curious works. Open from 9 A.M. to 
3 P.M. every day, except Sunday. 

The Library of Congress^ having been twice ravaged by fire, 13 
now contained in fire-proof apartments, in the western projection 
of the central building of the Capitol. In 1866 the 40,000 
volumes of the Smithsonian Library were added to the previous 
collections. The Library now contains about 130,000 volumes 
especially rich in law, politics, history, and books relating to 
America. The use of the library is free to all ; but members of 
Congress and some other government officers only are allowed to 
draw out books. Open from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. The Law De- 
partment is located in the lower portion of the Capitol, in the 
room formerly occupied by the Supreme Court, contains about 
20,000 volumes, and is regarded as the most select and complete 
law library in America. 

The Public School System^ organized in 1844, has attained a very 
high degree of efficiency and excellence. 

CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 

The Government Hospital for the Insane is located on a com- 
manding eminence, on the south-east side of the Anacostia River, 
about two miles nearly due south from the Capitol. 

The Columbia Deaf and Dumb Institution is located on Kendall 
Green, near the junction of North M and Boundary streets, in the 
eastern part of the city. 

The Military Asylum^ also known as the "Soldiers' Home," 
occupies a commanding eminence, about three miles north of the 
Capitol, near the northern boundary of the city, and is intended 
as a home for disabled soldiers and sailors. During the adminis- 
trations of Presidents Buchanan and Lincoln they made the 
Superintendent's house at this institution their summer residence. 
Brigadier-General Dimmick is the commanding officer in charge. 

The Naval Hospital is located on Square No. 948, bounded by 
Pennsylvania avenue. South E, East Ninth, and East Tenth sts. 

It is now continued as a post-hospital for the treatment of 
enlisted men stationed at barracks and camps around. 

The Washington City Orphan Asylum is temporarily domiciled 
in a large house in Douglas-row, on I st., bet. Second and Third. 

'Jl 



IfEW YORK TO WASH [NO TON. 

St. Vincenfs Female Orphan Asykim^ situated on the comer ol 
West Tenth and North G streets, was established by the Catholics 
of Washington in 1825. 

St. Joseph's Male Orphan Asylum^ also established by Catholics, 
is situated on H street, between Ninth and Tenth streets, in the 
building formerly occupied by the Washington Orphan Asylum. 

St. Ann's Infant Asylum is another Catholic charity, located in 
a commodious house on the corner of K and Twenty-third streets. 

The National Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home is located on 
the comer of North B and East Second streets. 

CHURCHES. 

In Washington there are churches or places of worship for 
nearly all the religious denominations of the country, includ- 
ing Baptist, Catholic, Episcopal, Liitheran, Methodist Episcopal, 
Protestant Methodist, Presbyterian, Unitarian, Reformed German, 
one Swedenborgian, Friends, Jewish Synagogue, and colored, 
principally Methodist Episcopal. 

CEMETERIES. 

The National or Congressional Burial- Ground is situated about 
one mile east of the Capitol. It contains about ten acres, is well 
laid out, and tastefully ornamented with trees and shrubbery. 
Here are to be seen the graves of many noted men, including a 
large number of members of Congress. 

GleniDOod Cemetery is a fine rural cemetery recently laid out by 
the citizens of Washington. It is situated about a mile and a half 
north of the Capitol, and is approached by North Capitol street. 

HOTELS, ETC. 

The principal hotels of Washington are situated on or near 
Pennsylvania avenue. Among them are 

The Arlington, Vermont Avenue, between H and 1 Sis., T. Roessle & Son, 

prop's. The best in the city. 
Congres^^ional Hotel, Capitol Hill, William Sanderson, prop. 
Ebbitt House, F St.. corner 14th, C. C. Willard, prop. 
Imperial Hotel, E St., between 13th and 14th, I. S. Pierce, prop. 
Metropolitan Hotel, Pennsylvania Avenue, between 6th and 7th Sts., George B. 

Cake. 
National Hotel, corner Pennsylvania Avenue and 6th St., F. Tenney & Co., prop's. 
Owen House, Pennsylvania \venue, between 14th and loth Sts. 
St. James Hotel (European plan), Pennsylvania ALvenue, corner 6th St. 
St. Marc Hotel (European plan), Pennsylvania Avenue, corner 7th St., John H, 

Semmes. 
Gray's, 920, 15>^ St., John A,. Gray. 

Willard's Hotel, Pennsylvania Avenue, corner 14th St., J. F. Cake & Co., prop's. 
" Wormley's," corner H and 15th Sts., James Wormley. 
Washington House, corner 3d St. and Pennsylvania Avenue, Mrs. A. F. Bever- 

idge, prop. 
Welcker's, 727, 15th St., Mrs. John C. Welcker. 

93 



SEW YOSK TO WASHINOTON. 



VICINITY OF WASHINGTON. 

There are many interesting places to be" visited in tlie vicinity 
of Washington, a few of which will be briefly described. 

GEOEGETOWN. 

This city adjoins Washington on the west, Rock Creek forming 
the boundary between the two cities. It is a place of some con- 
siderable commercial importance, being connected by the Ohio 
and Chesapeake Canal with the Cumberland coal region of west- 
em Maryland, and by lines of sailing packets with New York, 
Boston, and the West Indies. It is noted for its superior brands 
of flour, which are much sought for in northern markets. 

The Heights of Georgetown are lofty eminences overlooking the 
city from the north and west. Along these are many splendid 
villas, and beautiful grounds of wealthy and distinguished resi- 
dents, and the view is one of surpassing beauty, embracing the 
two cities and the Potomac and its valley for a great distance. 
Oeorgetown College is at the west end of the city, on an elevated 
and commanding location. It was founded as an academy in 
1789 and incorporated as a college in 1799. Connected with this 
establishment, under the charge of the nuns, is the Academy of 
the Visitation^ a flourishing female academy. Visitors are admit- 
ted to both these institutions at all seasonable hours. The Aque- 
duct of the Ohio and Chesapeake Canal is a stupendous work, and 
has attracted much attention from engineers, etc. , in Europe as 
well as America. It was constructed by Major Tumbull, of the 
Topographical Engineers, and cost nearly $2,000,000. It has 
nine piers, whose foundations are built of granite, and some of 
them are thirty-six feet under water. Its length is 1446 feet, 
and its height above the river about 40 feet. Oak Hill Cemetery 
is on high ground at the northern extremity of Washington street, 
and is beautifully and tastefully laid out. The Little Falls are 
about three miles above Georgetown. The Potomac River is 
here contracted to a very narrow width, and descends about fif- 
teen feet, amid wild and picturesque scenery. It is a favorite 
resort of anglers, and has been honored with the presence of some 



NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. 

distingnislied persons in that capacity. The Hon. Daniel Webster 
frequently came here during his lifetime, with his rod and line. 

THE POTOMAC WATEB-WORKS. 

These were constructed by the General Government at a cost of 
about $4,000,000. The water to supply the cities of Washington 
and Georgetown is brought from the Potomac River above the 
Great Falls. These are sixteen miles above the President's house 
and are weU worth a visit. They may be reached by canal-boat 
or by private conveyance. The river here falls seventy-six feet 
through a deep gorge in the rocks. 

A dam of stone has been constructed across the river, and above 
this dam commences the Aqaeduct, passing under the Ohio and 
Chesapeake Canal. Between this point and the city it passes 
through three tunnels and over several bridges. One of these, 
called the Cabin John Bridge, is a stupendous arch of granite, 
spanning a ravine by a single leap of 220 feet. The depth of the 
ravine below the top of the bridge is 101 feet. This is the lar- 
gest masonry arch in the world. The famous Grosvenor Bridge, 
of Chester, in Great Britain, is 20 feet less in span. The width 
of the bridge is 20 feet, its extreme length 482 feet. The Rock 
Creek Bridge is another remarkable engiaeering work. This is 
an arch of 200 feet span, composed of two immense cast-iron 
pipes, four feet in internal diameter, which, in the form of an 
arch springing from massive sandstone abutments, support a hori- 
zontal roadway, and at the same time convey the water of the 
Aqueduct across the stream. A similar bridge of 120 feet span 
crosses the College Branchy a little above Georgetown. The Re- 
ceiving Reservoir^ about three miles above Georgetown, spreads 
out among the hills in an irregular form, resembling a mountain 
lake. Its water is retained by an immense embankment, 65 feet 
in height and several hundred feet in length. It is about seven- 
eighths of a mile in length, contains fifty-two acres, and its ca- 
pacity is 100,000,000 gallons. The Distributing Reservoir, nearly 
one mile long and one fourth of a mile wide, contains about forty 
acres. Its height is 145 feet above tide-water. It is situated one 
mile above Georgetown, on high table-land overlooking the val- 
ley of the Potomac. The High Service Reservoir is on the Heights 
of Georgetown. From it the city of Georgetown is supplied. 

94 



Ni:W YORK TO WASHING TOK 

The Aqueduct itself is built of stone, or bricks set in hydraulic 
cement, in a circular form, nine feet in internal diameter. Its 
entire length from Great Falls to the Distributing Reservoir is 
12^ miles. It is capable of supplying 67,596,400 gallons per 
day. The supply of New York is about 30,000,000 gaUons. 

ALEXANDRIA. 

This old city, formerly in the District of Columbia but now in 
Virginia, has many attractions for the tourist. It is situated 
about six miles below Washington, on the west bank of the Poto- 
mac, and may be reached by steamboats and omnibuses. Here 
may be seen the old church in which Washington worshipped, and 
the pew in which he sat. There is also a museum here, contain- 
ing many personal relics of Washington, and a large and valuable 
collection of specimens of Natural History. The town was orig- 
inally called Belhaven, and is handsomely and regularly laid out. 
The views in all directions are very beautiful. To the north, 
the city of Washington, with the towering dome and white walls 
of its Capitol, is seen ; while on the south, the Potomac opens a 
broad and majestic expanse, with Fort Washington in the distance. 

MOUNT VERNON. 

As long as liberty shall be the heritage of Americans the name 
of Washington will be revered ; and the place of his residence 
while living, and of his repose in the tomb, will be a shrine to 
which the people of the great nation he was so instrumental in 
founding will never cease to pay a grateful homage. Mount Ver- 
non is situated on the west bank of the Potomac, about fourteen 
miles below Washington and eight below Alexandria. A steam- 
boat makes special daily trips from Washington to the spot. The 
property is now held in trust by the Ladies' Mount Vernon Asso- 
ciation. The entire plantation contains several hundred acres of 
land. The mansion is of wood, two stories high, and ninety-six 
feet in length, with a portico extending the entire length. The 
library-room remains in nearly the same condition as when it was 
occupied by its illustrious owner. The grounds around are inter- 
spersed with trees, and pleasant walks extend among them in 
every direction, some of them terminating at a summer-house 
which commands an extensive and beautiful prospect of the noble 

95 



NEW YORK TO WASBINOTOK 

Potomac. Not far from the house is the tomb which contains the 
remains of Washington, By his side, in a similar tomb, are the 
ashes of "Martha, consort of Washing-ton." The appearance of 
the tomb, as well as that of the house and its surroundings, have 
been made familiar, by numerous engravings, to every American. 

ARLINGTON HOUSE. 

This was formerly the mansion of George Washington Parke 
Custis. It is nearly opposite Georgetown, on the Virginia side 
of the Potomac. It is a large and elegant building, two hundred 
feet above the water, and commands a magnificent view of the 
cities of Washington and Georgetown. The property was confis- 
cated and sold during the rebellion, and having been purchased 
by the U. S., the large estate surrounding the mansion has been 
converted into a National Cemetery, and the bodies of those who 
fell in the battles in Virginia during the late war have been 
interred there. Over 40,000 soldiers have found here 

" Fame's eternal camping ground, 
The bivouac of the dead." 

FORT WASHINGTON. 

Situated about midway between Alexandria and Mount Vernon, 
on the opposite or Maryland side of the river. It is an extensive 
and strong fortification. Mount Vernon steamboats stop here. 

COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. 

The Washington^ Alexandria^ and Georgetown Railroad extends 
to Alexandria, connecting at the Loudon Junction with the 
Orange and Alexandria Railroad for all points south and south- 
west. Also, at Alexandria, with the Alexandria^ Lovdon^ and 
Hampshire Railroad for Leesburg, 38 miles north-west, in Virginia. 

The WasJiington Branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 
connects at Annapolis Junction with the Annapolis Branch to 
Annapohs, on Chesapeake Bay, and at the Washington Junction 
with the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad^ for Baltimore and all 
points west and north. Station on New- Jersey avenue, comer 
of North C street, a little north of the Capitol. Baltimore and 
Potomac R. R. station, at North C street, also connects at Balti- 
more for the north and west. Connection is made by horse-rail- 
road between the passenger-stations of the two railroads termi- 
nating in Washington. Steamboats run hourly to Alexandria. 




ITHACA HOTEL. 

ITHACA, N. Y. 

A. SHERMAN & SON, Proprietors. 



The above new Hotel was completed and opened for tlie recep- 
tion of guests on the oOth of September, 1872. 

It is centrally located for business, and convenient to Cornell 
UuiVERsrrY, The Gorge, and other places of interest in and 
around Ithaca. 

This house has been furnished throughout with new and costly 
furniture, and is provided with every modem improvement found 
in any First-class Hotel in the country. Its rooms are large 
and airy, and great care has been taken in its construction to se- 
eure perfect ventilation. The table is constantly supplied with 
the luxuries of home and foreign markets, the assistants competent 
and attentive ; and the proprietors pledge themselves that no pains 
cr expense shall be spared to make the stay of the guests of the 
Ithaca Hotel pleasant and agreeable. 



OR, 

ONE HUNDRED YEARS 

AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE. 

This beautiful work is distinctively a Narrative for the reading 
of the people in a sense not realized by any other publication. It 
is not a transient volume, written to catch the hour, but a thor- 
oughly-prepared work. Every statement can be depended on and 
quoted as historically correct. A very full ''Introduction" treats 
of the earliest periods, so that the work is essentially a complete 
history of our country, of permanent value. The style is life-like 
and vivid, carrying the reader along by the sweep of the story, as 
in a novel. Every battle is a dramatic picture, with the key-note, 
the pivot on which the decision turned, clearly brought out. The 
illustrations are simply superb. The printer's and binder's work 
is unexcelled in the history of book-making. Numerous maps 
illustrate events for which our modem maps are comparatively 
useless. Chapters on " manners and customs " of the different 
periods are unique. The book is written in the impartial spirit 
of the true historian — no sectionalism. The development of parties 
and the history of political campaigns are accurately and fully set 
forth. The achievements of noted inventors and authors, the 
founding of great newspapers and associations, the building of 
important public works, etc. , all duly recorded, attest the faith- 
fulness of the author, 

A, S, eHlliES & COMPAP, Publishers, 

111 & 113 William Street, NEW YOBK, 

Ardatthe "PUBLISHERS' DEPARTMENT " of the CentennlaJ 

Exposition at Philadelphia. 



THE BALDWIN HOUSE, 




N"E:^W"IiXJJEiGMI, OR.^IS'GMlJ CO., IS-. Y. 

This new and elegant hotel has just been completed and hand- 
somely furnished throughout, and is now open for the reception of 
guests. It is situated on an eminence overlooking the city, 200 feet 
above tide-water, and commands a view of the Hudson Eii^er and 
adjacent country, which for beauty, variety and extent cannot be 
surpassed. The Baldwin House is provided with all the modern 
improvements and conveniences for guests, and is kept open all 
the year round. The surrounding country abounds in the most 
delightful walks and drives, and the river below affords ample op- 
porbunitv for boating, sailing and fishing. It maybe reached from 
New York ma the Erie R.R. from Chambers or West 23d St. ; via 
Hudson River R.R. from Grand Central Depot, 42d St. and 4th Av., 
or vi(t the " Day Line " Steamers from Pier 39, foot of Vestry St., 
for Newburgh, at 8 A.M. The Mary Powell leaves same pier at 
3.30 P.M., and the Steamers J. W. Baldwin and Thomas Cornell 
leave pier foot of Harrison St. at 4 P. M. Time from New York 
to Newburgh 2 hours. Passengers leavino- New York via Day Line 
Steamers in tho morning may have two hours for dinner in New- 
burgh and reach New York via the same line at 6 P.M. 

For further particulars address the proprietor, Mrs. J. T. CoCKS, 
Baldwin House, Newburgh, N. Y. 



PEOSPECT PARK HOTEL, 

CATSKILL, N. Y. 



A NEW SUMMER HOTEL. 

A well situated, well arranged, and well conducted Place of Resort, of 
easy access, on the banks of the Hudson River. 

WITH ALL THE LATEST IMPROVEMENTS. 



The Hiruse has been greatly enlarged this season. The main building is two hun- 
dred and fifty feet front by forty feet; with wing one hundred and forty by forty 
feet. Dining-room full length of wing. With two-story Piazza, three hundred and 
Beventy by sixteen feet. 

The grounds, walks, avenues, and shrubbery are adapted to the chief design, 
which is, to produce such an establishnient, on a liberal and appropriate scale, as 
nan offer to those, who with their families annually seek the country during the 
Summer months, health and grateful change from the heat and confinement of the 
city. 

THE VIEWS FROM THE HOTEL ARE UNSURPASSED IN 
EXTENT AND BEAUTY. 

The annually increasing tide of visitors to this region— drawn hither by the pur- 
suit of health and pleasure— has already vindicated its right to the title of "the 
Switzerland of America." 

The localitv is a judicious selection from the Prospect Hill property, in the Village 
of Catskill ; and the site, with its surroundings, occupies twenty acres. The plateau 
is admirably adapted to the purpose. With a commanding view of the River in 
front and for miles North and South, and the grand old Mountains in the back- 
ground, with a climate of great salubrity, healthy mountain air, and accessories of 
fle\d and river sports and pleasant drives, it is unsurpassed, in all the borders of th« 
Hudson, for its attractions and advantages. 

2^" Carriages will be in attendance at the Cars and Boats. 

Accessible by nearly all Trains of the Hudson River Rail Road, and "by the Day 
Bot.ts '^Chmincey VibhnrcV ''Daniel Drew.'" Also by Night Steamers "■ Neu 
Champion'''' and '■'■ Andrew Harder,'''' every evening, from foot, of Franklin Stieei 
Hew York. 

fST" First -class Livery connected with the Hotel. 

WILL OPEN JUNE I4th. 



tMTf^ JOHN BREASTED, Catskill. 



9n illllllllil 

(/} |l!lil!|l|llllll!liil!li;M^^^^^ 

3 ' 





THE EQUINOX HOUSE 

(FOOT OF MT. EQUINOX), 

Open from June to October. 
Address, by Mail or Telegraph, F. H. ORVIS. 

Manchester, the leading summer resort of the Green Mountains, is two hun- 
dred miles noith of New York, fifty miles north of Troy, and thirty miles south of 
Riitland, on the Harlem Extension Division of the Central Vermont RaUroad. It 
has about three miles of white marble sidewalks, finely shaded witli elm and 
maple trees, and is the most charming summer resort in New England. 

The fcrip to the top of Mt. Equinox should be taken by every visitor. An ex- 
tended and magnificent view is obtained from the Summit House. The road ia 
In fine order, and four-horse mountain wagons run to the top in two hours. 

Manchester can be reached from New York during the summer in six and a 
half hours by Hudson River RaDroad, via Troy. Drawing-Room Cars through 
without change. 

Hudson River Night Steamers connect at Troy with 8:30 A.M. Train, reach- 
ing Manchester at 10:55 A.M. 

New York Morning Papers reach Manchester 10:55 A.M. 

Central Vermont Railroad Day Express brings Passengers from Montreal, 
Highgate Springs, St. Albans, Burlington, Stowe, &c., to Manchester direct. 
Diawing-Room Cars through. 

From Saratoga, Trains going North connect at Rutland for Manchester; 
Trains going South connect at Troy for Manchester. 

THE i*xjT]sr^]M house;, 

Open from JVovember to May. 
Address, by Mail or Telegraph, F. H. ORVIS. 

Palatka is situated on the west bank of the St. John's River, seventy miles 
south of Jacksonville. It is at the head of Navigation for ocean steamers, and 
at the mouth of the celebrated Oclawaha River. 

Hart's famous orange grove is immediately across the St. John's River, 
opposite the town. 

Florida tourists should visit Palatka and make the trip up the romantic 
Oclawaha to the wonderful Silver Spring. 

Palatka can be readied by steamers daily from Jacksonville, and by the 
steamers Dictator and City Point from Charleston and Savannah, which run in 
connection with steamers from New York, and lines of Railroad from the North. 



OOZZENS' 130T!Ill^.— CozzeiW Landing, West Paint, N.T, 
GooDSELL Brothers, Proprietors. 

This elegant and favorite summer resort stands on a commanding 
eminence on the west side of the Hudson, 250 feet above the river, 
and about one mile and a half south of the Militar)' Academy ot 
West Point, It commands one of the finest views on the Hudson, 
embracing the very heart of the Highlands, and the wildest and most 
picturesque scenery on this famous river. Its location is remarkably 
healthful ; no cases of sickness having originated at this resort in 
tweniy-five years. West Point was selected as the site of the Milj- 
tary Academy partly because of the healthfulness of the locality. 
Its location is particularly convenient for New York families, as It 
la but fifty miles distant, and gentlemen are enabled to visit New 
York daUy, returning to Cozzens' at night if they desire. Among 
che many places of interest around Cozzens' are the U. S. Military 
Academy, where daily military exercises of interest occur, old Fort 
Putnam, Beverly Dock, Robinson House, Buttermilk Falls, etc. The 
drives among the historic Highlands are celebrated for their enchant- 
ing beauty, and one or two, including the five-mile drive to Crystal 
Lake, have recently been laid out. Distinguished visi^<ors, includ- 
ing our national ofl&cials and celebrities, annually visit West Point 
Academy during the examinations, which begin on the 1st of June. 

The hotel is built of brick, and is so constructed that all its rooma 
command delightful views of the river and mountain scenery. It 
will accommodate about 400 guests, who are the most refined and re- 
spected classes of our metropoHtan society. The house is kept in a 
style to suit such patronage, and Cozzens' Hotel stands unrivaled 
among our summer resorts in its quiet elegance and comfort. 

The table is not surpassed by any hotel in America in luxuries 
or style, and excellent music daily enlivens the enjoyments of this 
elegant and imexceptional resort. It can be reached by the Hudson 
River Railway to Garrison's Station, whence a steam-ferry conveys 
passengers to Cozzens' Dock ; or by Day Line Steamers to West 
Point, with omnibus to Cozzens' Hotel, or the Mary Powell and Jas. 
W. Baldwin to Cozzens'. Carriages await at Cozzens' Dock and 
West Point the arrival of all boats and trains. Daily excursions 
may be made from New York, stopping for dinner and spending 
three or four hours at the hotel, returning to the city the same day. 
Passengers should not mistake the West Pointer Government Hotel 
for Cozzens', but drive to Cozzens'' Hotel, kept by Ooodsell Bros. 



PALISADE MOUjfTAlN HOUSE, 

One of the finest summer hotels in the world, is situated on the 
Lydecker Point of the Palisades of the Hudson River, at En^le- 
wood, N. J. , opposite Spuyten Duyvil. It is reached by Northern 
R. R. of N. J. of W. 23d St. ^or Chambars St. , or Steamboats Adelphi 
and Alexis from foot of Harrison Street, New York. The situation 
is the inost beautiful of any suburban hotel around New York City. 
The Palisades are four hundred feet or over above the level of 
the Ocean, and on one of their highest and most prominent^ out- 
lool:s stands the Mountain House. At its foot the Hudson washes 
the base of the cliffs on which it is built. To the north, bold 
sweeps of coast, marked with woody headlands and Cc-.pped with a 
luxuriant forest, stretch away into the dim distance Soulhcrly, 
the spires of the city, the green hills of Staten Island, and the 
g-leam of the Narrows fill the horizon ; in front, a superb expanse 
of hill and dale, river, bay, and Sound spreads itself for miles and 
miles to the east ; while from the upper windows the western view 
embraces all that beautiful country between the valley of the 
Overpeck and the Orange Mountains. The air is exceedingly clear 
and salubrious, and has proved extremely beneficial to invalids and 
children of delicate constitutions. The hotel is supplied with water 
from a clear, cool, and delicious spring in the forest, a mile to the 
westward. The pleasant and various ways of access make it a 
most desirable summer resort, particularly for gentlemen doing 
biisiness in the city. The drives are exceeding beautiful, and ex- 
tend for miles along the Hudson, affording entrancing views of 
the noble river and channing villas along its banks. The house 
can accommodate about five hundred guests. The rooms are 
laroe, en suite, completely, richly, and tastefully furnished. The 
proprietor, Mr. D. S. Hammond, thoroughly understands his busi- 
ness, and nothing is left undone that could please the most exact- 
ing guest. The cuisine of the house is equal to any in the country. 
The grounds about the house are picturesque, the walks charming, 
and the river convenient for yachting and boating. Gas, hob and 
cold water, and new bath houses are provided, by whii h all the ad- 
vantages of the salt water are made- available. An excellent 
l;i]l :ird-room and bowling-alley, a fine band of music, and a well- 
uianaged livery stable provide every comfort and recreation that 
could be expected. The fact that the first guests of the Mountain 
House continue to be its steadfast patrons, year after year, speaks 
for its special merits and healthfulness more plainly than many 
words. Among the attractions of Engiewood, particularly for 
families, is the fine Collegiate Institute of the Rev. T. G. Wall, 
for young ladies and children, and the Engiewood Classical and 
Mathematical School for boys. 



P: 




WW 



ARLINGTON HOTEL, 




At WASHINGTON, D. C. 



T. ROESSLE & SON, Proprietors. 



The Arlington Hotel is well worthy of the first-class patronage 
which it receives. It is situated on the corner of 15th and H streets, 
in one of the most interesting portions of the city. The southern wing 
fronts the beautiful Lafayette Park, in which is the celebrated bronze 
equestrian statue of Jackson, and opposite which are the " White 
House," U. S. Treasury Building, and the U. S. War and Navy Depart- 
ments. The residence of the Secretary of State is a few rods to the 
north of the hotel — and all the public buildings are within easy distance. 
The hotel is five stories high, with brown stone front, and is furnished 
in elegant style, and supplied with a fine passenger elevator — closets on 
all the floors, signal bells, etc. The dining hall is one of the handsomest 
and most pleasantly situated in Washington. A large number of the 
rooms are arranged in suites, with all the conveniences for family use. 
The proprietors of the Arlington, also conduct the magnificent 
F'ort William Horry Hotel at Lake Oeorgf, the finest summer resort in 
America. To the patrons of the Fort William Henry we need only 
say that what it is in the summer resort world the Arlington is among 
the hotels of the Capital. 




a 



AMERICAN." 



BOSTON. 
The Largest First-Class Hotel 

IN NEW ENGLAND. 

Prices Reduced to $3, |3,50, and $4 per day, according 
to location of room. 

CONVENIENTLY LOCATED FOR PLEASURE OR BUSINESS. 

PASSENGER ELEVATOR, 

SUITS AND SINGLE APARTMENTS, 

WITH 

BATH ROOMS and CLOSETS ADJOINING. 
Noted throughout th« country for its cleanliness and comfort. 

BILLIARD HALLS, TELEGRAPH OFFICE and CAPlfi. 

LEWIS EIOE & SON. 




HAYNES'S HOTEIi, Springfield, Mass. 

POPULAR PRICES— 1876: CHARGES ACCORDING TO BOOMS. 

The largest first-claiss house in the city. Special accommodations for families 
and large parties. Location unsurpassed. Six blocks down town from the Rail- 
road Station ; directly in the center of the city. Free from all noise, smoke and 
confusion of trains. Recently enlarged and greatly iniproved, making it the 
most complete Hotel E.stablishment in Western Massachusetts. The best rooms, 
best table, U^st service in the city. Po-t ( 'ffice and Telegraph Office in the Ro- 
tunda. Porters. B;ia-gage Wagons and Free Carriage to all trains. 

THE MOST PERFECT PASSENGER ELEVATOR IN. THE WORLD. 

BRIGHT'S DISEASE, 

Diabetes, Dropsy, Catarrh, Calculus, G-ravel, 

Grout, Rheumatism, Dyspepsia, 
DISEASES OF THE HEART, BLOOD, LIYER, 
KIDNEYS, BLADDER, PROSTATE GLAND, 
PREMATURE DEBILITY, CHRONIC AND 
FEMALE DISEASES HITHERTO IN- 
CURABLE. PAMPHLETS EX- 
PLAINING THEIR SUCCESS- 
FUL TREATMENT BY 
ASAHEL, MADE OF GJ^ O D , 
"World Peerless Mineral Spring "Water, 



— AND— 

r>R. A. HA^^^LEY heath, 

AUTHOR AJUD PROPRIETOR, FREE. 



Depot and Eeoeption Eooms, No. 200 Broadway, New Tort 
Reduced to Twenty -Five Cents a Gallon per Barrel. 



ALBANY AND NE^A^ YORK 



r> A.-y LINE 



On the Hudson River, 



Summer Arrangement for Pleasure Travel. 



THE STEAMBOATS 



C. VIBBARD AND DANIEL DREW 

LEAVE NEW YORK DAILY 

(SUNBAYS excepted). 



G-oinsro- iTOis-Tia:. 



<3-OI2<ra- SOXTTH. 



NJ^JW YORK: A.M. 

Vestry Street 8.10 

W. 24th Street 8.30 

West roint 11.15 

Kexvburgh 11.50 

P.M. 

JPougJiheepsie 12.40 

Ithinebeck 1 .35 

C'atshill 2.55 

Hudson 3.15 

ALBANY. 5.40 



A.M. 

AILBANY. 8.30 

Hudson 10.40 

Catskill 11.00 

P.M. 

Jthlnebech 12.20 

foughkeepsie 1.15 

Neu'burgh 2 10 

West I'oint 2.40 

N^W YORK: 

W. 24th Street 5.30 

Vestry Street .'>.50 



CONNECTINQ AT ALBANY WITH ALL POINTS 
NORTH AND WEST. 

Jg^ TRIP TICKETS from New York to West Point and New- 
burgh, returning same day, $1.00. 

TICKETS or COUPONS good on Hudson River Railroad are received on 
board for passage. 

MEALS CAN BE HAD ON THE BOATS. 

Leave Albany at 8:30 A.M. on arrival of Chicago Express, on the New York 
Central Railroad. 

ISAAC L WELSH, G. T. A., New York. 



'i .^^:^^44i#^^i^.%^ 




DBS. STRONG'S REMEDIAL INSTITUTE, 

SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y., 

Is open all the year, and is also a Summer Resort during the 

Visiting Season. 

The Institute has recently been doubled in size to meet the necessities of its 
increased patronage. It is now the largest health institution in Saratoga, and is 
unsurpassed in the variety of its remedial appliances by any in this country. In 
the elegance and completeness of its appointments it is unequaled. The building 
is heated by steam, so that in the coldest weather the air of the house is like that 
of midsummer. The proprietors, Drs. S. S. & S. B. STRONG, are Graduates of 
the Medical Department of the New York University, and are largely patron zed 
by the medical profession. In addition to the ordinary remedial ns< ncies used 
in general practice, they emplov the EQUALIZER, or VACUUM TREATMENT, 
ELECTRO-THERMAL BATHS, SULPHUR AIR-BATHS. RUSSIAN BATHS, 
TURKISH BAJHS. HYDROPATHY, MOVEMENT CURE. OXYGEN GAS, 
GYMNASTICS. HEALTH-LIFT, FARADAIC AND GALVANIC ELECTRIC- 
ITY, LARYNGOSCOPE. &c., for the treatment of Nervous, Lung, Female, and 
Chronic Diseases. Its boarding department is of the highest order, and its society 
very superior. 

References.— Bishop M. Simpson, D.D., LL.D.; Rev. T. L. Cnyler, D.D.; 
Prof. Taylor Lewis, LL.D.; Chauncey N. Olds. LL.D.; Robert Carter, Esq. 

1^" For particulars of the Institution, send for Circulars on Lung, Nervous, 
Female, and Chronic Disea.ses, and on our Appliances. 

Address DRS. S. S. & S. E. STRONG, Remedial Institute, 

Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 



PEOPLE'S LINE OF STEAMBOATS. 



NEW YORK TO ALBANY 



STEAMERS: 



ST. JOHN, 

Capt. T. D. Christopher, 

MONDAY, 

WEDNESDAY, 

FRIDAY. 



DREW, 

Capt. S. J. Roe, 

TUESDAY, 

THURSDAY, 

SATURDAY. 



From Pier 41, North River, South side of Canal Street, 
Near Jersey City Ferry, Desbrosses Street, 

AT SIX O'CLOCK, P. M. 

Connecting with trains of New York Central, Albany and Susquehanna, Rensselaer 

and Saratoga, and Boston and Albany Railroadw. 

Tickets can be had at the Office on the Wharf, to all points West and North — 

Adirondacks, White Mountains, via Lake Georf^e and L. Champlain, &,c.. Sac. 

Also at Dodd's Express Office, 944 Broadway, and No. 4 Court 

Street, Brooklyn, and Baggage checked to destination. 

Telegraph Office on the Wharf. 

Passensrers leaving Washington at 8 A.M., Baltimoee at 9:25 A.M., Philadel- 
phia at 1:30 P.M., arrive at New Yoek at 5:15 P.M.— in time to connect as above. 

MEALS ON THE EUROPEAN PLAN. 



ALBANY TO NEW YOflK. 



STEAMERS : 

I>RF\%', ST. JOHN, 

Capt. T. D. Christopher, 

TUESDAY, 

THURSDAY, 

SATURDAY. 



Capt. S. J. Roe, 

MONDAY, 

WEDNESDAY, 

FRIDAY. 



From steamboat LANDING, on arrival of trains of New York Central, 

Albany & Susquehanna, Rensselaer & Saratoga, and Boston & Albany 

Railroads. Arriving in New York in time to connect with trains South 

and East. Cars of Reus. & Sar. R. R. take passengers to Boats. 

Tickets to Newark, New Brunswick, Trenton, Burlington, Philadelphia, Wilming* 

ton, Baltimore, and Washington City for sale on the Boats, and 

Baggage checked to destination. 

For delivery of baggage, apply to Baggage Masters on Boats. Hudson River R.IL 

Tickets taken for passage, including State-Room Berth. Rooms heated 

by Steam during cool months. 

JOHN C. HEWITT, G. T. Agent. 



THE 



Congress and Empire 

Spring Waters of Saratoga, 

4BB THE BEST OF ALL THE SARATOGA WATERS FOR THE USE OJ 
PERSONS OF CONSTIPATED HABIT. 

Tiiey act promptly and pleasantly, without producing debility, and their effect 
Is not weakened by continued use, as is the case with ordinary cathartics. At the 
tmme time they are not too cathartic — a fault with some of our moH drast.c mint- 
ml ttxiters— but sufficiently so for daily and healthful use, and not strong enough 
to produce reaction. 

Their continued use keeps the blood in a very pure and healthful condition, 
producing a clear floiid complexion. They preserve the tone of the stomach, ani 
•re powerful preventives of fever and bilious complaints. 

THE COLUMBIAN SPRING WATER 

lb universally acknowledged to be the best Chalybeate Wattr known. Where the 
blood -equires h^on, this water supplies it in the best possible form for use. Th« 
assimilation is perfect. A grain of iron in this water is, in the opinion of a cele- 
brated physician, " more potent than twenty grains exhibited according to the 
Ph armacopceia. " 

These waters, being purely natural, are highly recommended, and very fre- 
quently prescribed by the best medical authorities, many of whom, however, have 
expressed their condemnation in strong terms of the use of artificial mineral 
waters. 

Every genuine bottle of Congress Water has a large ** C " raised on the glasB. 

FOR SALE BY DRUGGISTS and HOTELS THROUGHOUT the COUNTRY, 

None Genuine Sold on Draught. 

At our General Mineral Water Depot, In New York, all varieties of Natural 
Waters for sale at proprietors' prices, delivered and shipped in New York, Brook- 
lyn, and Jersey City, free of charge. 

Orders by n.ail will receive prompt attention. Empties taken back and allowed 
for at liberal prices. Address, 

CONGRESS AND EMPIRE SPRING CO., 

94 Cliaiubers Street, Nciv York City, 

Or, SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. T. 

lar^In connection with a recent analysis of Congress Water, Prof. Chandler 8ay»; 
" As a Cathartic water, its almost entire freedom from iron should recominflB£ 
It above all others, many of which contain fo much of this ingredient as to pedcti*!} 
koi>aif their usef olness." 



FALL RIVER LINE 

Between New York and Boston 

Via. 2VEAV3POI1T AIVI> F^H^JLi KIVEH. 

STEAMERS LEAVE NEW YORK AT 

5D M Daily (Sundays, June nth to Sept. loth, inclusive,) 
r . If I . from Pier 28, N. R. , ft. of Murray St. ; 4 P. M. in winter, 
THE WORLD-RENOWNED STEAMERS 

BRISTOL, . PROVIDENCE, 

COMMANDER, A. G, SIMMONS. COMMANDER, B. M. SIMMONS, 

Trains leave Boston from the Old Colony R.R. Depot, corner 
South and Kneeland Sts., at 4:30 and 6 P. M., (and Sundays, June 
nth to Sept. loth, inclusive, at 7 P. M.,) connecting with these 
magnificent Steamers at Fall River. 

Steamers leave Newport at 8:30 P. M. 

The Very Best Route to and from New York, Boston, Taunton, 
New Bedford, Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, Cape Cod, the White 
Mountains, and all points East, South, and West, 

3VEXJ JS 10. 

The Management having in view the ENTERTAINMENT as well 
as the COMFORT AND SAFETY of their patrons, have at great 
expense engaged, for the season of pleasure travel. Hall's Celebrated 
Reed, String and Brass Bands, which will entertain passengers every 
evening with a GRANJJ PHOMEIS'ADE CONCERT. 

FOR TICKETS AND STATEROOMS 
in New York, apply at 529 Broadway; Broadway, cor, 23d St.; 
Dodd's Express Ofilce, 944 Broadway ; and 4 Court St., Brooklyn, 
at all principal Hotels and Ticket Offices, at the Office on the Pier, 
and on board of Steamers. 

In Boston, at No 3 Old State House and at Old Colony R.R. Depot. 

Through Tickets sold by all the principal Railroads East, South 
and West. Baggage checked to destination. 

THE ONLY DIEEOT LINE TO AND PEOM NEWPOET. 

i^'" Ask for Tickets via Fall River Line. 

J. R. KENDRICK. Sup't, BORDEN k LOVELL, Agents, 

0. C. n.n., Boston, O. C. S. B. Co., New York. 

GEO. L CONNOR, Gen'i Pass'r Ae:t . 0. C. S. B. Co., New York. 



• 




THE "BRUWSWTICK/' 

Boylslon Sireel^ cor. of Clarendon^ Boston, Muss. 

A new strictly first-class Hotel. ConTeniently located in 
the most fashional/le part of the city. Fire-proof — all modem. 
improTements. J. W. WOLCOTT, Proprietor. 

WESTMINSTEIi HOTEL, 

Sixteenth Street and Irving Place, New York City. 

Centrally located. Affords accommodations of peculiar ex- 
cellence. European Plan. CHAS. B, FERRIN, Prop'r. 



Best Religious Weel<ly Newspaper Published. 



1826. ESTABLISHED FIFTY YEAES. 1876. 



THE CHEISTIAN ADVOCATE. 

THE METEOPOLITAir ISffiWSPAPEE of tlie M. E. CHUEOH. 



C. H. FOWLER, D.B., LL-D,, Editor. W. H. DsPUY, D.D., Assistant Editor. 



The LEADING OFFICIAL CHURCH PAPER, whose name 
heads this page, is justly acknowledged to be the ablest and best 
religious weekly in the country, and now in its fiftieth year is still 
rapidly gaining in popularity, not alone in the families of the 
church whose interests it represents, but among the membership 
of sister denominations. Notwithstanding the great competition 
on every side, its patronage is increasing at home, and extends 
into every Christian country. It is not only the oldest and most 
widely circulated weekly Methodist journal in the world, but also 
has the largest subscription-list of any one of the great denomi- 
national weeklies. 



(CIRCULATION 50,000 COPIES WEEKLY.) 



A large number of leading banking, mercantile, manufactur- 
ing, and publishing houses in the principal cities have been 
steady patrons of its advertising columns, and recommend it 
highly as a first-class medium of communication between the 
better class of buyers and sellers, and prove their faith in it by 
their constant patronage. 

A §pecimeii copy of the Advocate, with the rates 
of advertising, will be sent free to any address on application to 

NELSON k PHIUIPS, Publishers, 805 B'way, New York. 



BARATOaA G^EYSER SPRINGS. 



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This wonderful mineral fountain was discovered in February, 1870. It is 
located on the Ballaton avenue, one and a half miles south of principal hotele, at 
Saratoga Springs. The water vein was struck by the drill in the bu-d's-eye lime- 
atone one hundred and thirty-two feet beneath the surface rock. The orifice, 
bored in the rock, is five and a half inches in diameter, and 132 feet deep, and ia 
tubed with a block-tin pipe, encased with iron, to the depth of eighty-five feet. 
Analysis of one U. S. Gallon by Professor C. F. Chandler, Ph.D., of Columbia 
College School of Mines ; 



Chloride of Sodium. . . . 562.080 grains. 
ChlorideofPota&ium. 24.634 " 
Bromide of Sodium. . . . 2.212 " 
Iodide of Sodium 0.248 " 



Fluoride of Calcium . . 
Bicarbonate of Lithia. 
Bicarbonate of Soda . . 
Bicarb, of Magnesia.. 
Bicarbonate of Lime . 



trace. 
9.004 

71.232 
149.343 
168.392 



Bicarbonate of Strontia 0.425 



Bicarbonate of Baryta. 2.014 grains. 
Bicarbonate of Iron.... 0.979 " 

Sulphate of Potassa. . . . 0.318 " 

Phosphate of Soda trace. 

Biborate of Soda trace. 

Ahimina trace. 

Silica 0.665 " 

Organic matter trace. 



Total solid contents.. . .991.546 



Carbonic Acid Gas in 1 TJ. S. Gal 454.082 cub. in. 

Density l.Oll 

Temperature 46° Fah. 

It will be observed that the water is strongly charged with valuable medici- 
nal, mineral and gaseous proper .ies, and the preponderance of Gas enables the 
water to hold its heavy and vahtable mineral elements in perfect solution, 
whereby the water is bottled in perfect purity, and may be preserved for agea 
and in any climate. The fact that the Spring is located 132 feet beneath a solid 
rock renders it free from all impurities from surface wash or drainage. 

The water never varies in flavor, nor are its properties subjected to 
change by the dilution of fresh water or the mingling of foreign substances 
during the wet seasons of the year. 

As a medicinal agency its effects are marvelous, especially in cuianeotia 
disea-fes or any of the various phases of Scrofula, also in Kidney Disease, Liver 
Complaint, Dyspepsia, Biliousntas, Rheumatism, Acidity of Stomach, Constipa- 
tion, and Piles. 

Geyser Water is a powerful cathartic, while at the same time, by proper 
use. its minerals m.iy be retained to operate as a tonic and builder up of an en- 
feebled system. Geyser Water operates with excellent effect upon the Kidneys. 

The lithia found in it is a specific for gravel or stone, and is effectual in dis- 
Bolving the chalk or limestone and urate deposits in Rheumatism and Gout. 

As an Aperient or Cathartic the water should be taken jn the morning. 

It is sold in cases of four dozen Pints, two dozen Pints, or two dozen Quarts, 
and in Block Tin- Lined Barrels containing 30 gallons, for draught by druggists. 

The Spring property is not managed by a Stock Company, and for the pur- 
poses of business the proprietor has adopted only the name '* G-eyser Spring." 

Address GEYSER SPRING, 

Jacob M. Adams, Prop'r. Saratoga Springs, N. Y 



United states Ink Man'fg Co. 

BLACK WATER-PEOOF WEITING INK. 

Will not blur or spread when exposed to the action of water 
in any way, for any length of time. Is Black when first written 
with. 

Is Absolutely Non-corrosive. 

Does not gum up the pen. 

Our Copying (and Writing) Fluid is superior to any in the 
market, foreign or domestic. 

Superior Colored Inks and. M;iacilage. 

Our Liquid Bluing is the purest and best in the market. 
Four times as economical as any other. 

Tte SOUGHT AFTER HAIR RESTORER 

is manufactured by Mr. L. Wilkins of the Company. Is the best 
article known for Restoring grey hair to its original color. la 
not a dye. Does not injure the hair or head. 

SALESROOMS, No. 49 DEY STREET, 
NEW YORK CITY, 

AWARDED THE HIGHEST MEDAL AT VIENNA. 



E. & H. T. ANTHONY & CO., 

581 BROADWAY, NEW" YORK, 

(0pp. Metropolitan Hotel.) 
MlarLiafactiirers, Im.poi'ters and Dealers iti 

Ohromos and Frames, Stereoscopes and Views, 

ALBUMS, GRAPHOSCOPES, and SUITABLE VIEWS. 
PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS. 

"We are Headquarters for everything in the way of 
Being Manufacturers of the 

Micro-Scientific Lantern, Stereo-Panopticon, 

University Stereoptioon, Advertiser's Stereopticon, 

Artopticon, School Lantern, 

Family Lantern, People's Lantern. 

Each style being the best of its class in the market. Catalogues of Lanterns and 
Slides, with directions for using, sent on application. 

ANT ENTEEPRISING MAN CAN MAKE MONET WITH A MAGIC LANTERN. 

Visitors to the Centennial are invited to examine our display at the Exposition 
hi Photographic Hall, and to call on us at our Store in New York. 



On your way to the Centennial, stop 
in ]Vew York and have yowr Photo- 
g^raph taken hy ABM. BOGARDUIS, 
the Art Photographer of thirty years' 
experience. £very man, iroman and 
child should have some of my exquisite 
pictures to shoiF hovr you looked in the 
Centennial Year of American Indepen- 
dence. Remember my Gallery is 872 
Broadway, cor. of 18th Street, only. 
]\ro connection with other Galleries 
carried on by persons pretending to 
be my successors. Block beloiv and 
opposite Arnold^ Constable & Co's. 



it Sams mme 




Monej^. 



" Fulfills the condition of a Family Sewing Machine far better 
than any other machine in the market." — Judges' Beportf Ameri' 
can Institute Fair. 



WILLCOK & GIBBS 

AUTOMATIC 

SILENT SEWING MACHINE. 

Awarded the grand "Gold Medal of Progress," of the Ameri- 
ican Institute, Nov., 1875, and the " Scott Legacy Medal," of the 
Franklin Institute, Oct., 1875. 

No other Sewing Machine in the world has an " AUTOMATIC 
TENSION," or any other of its characteristic features. 

WILLCOX & GIBBS S. ffl. Co. 

invite the public to inspect this marvel of 
Sewing Machine mechanism — unquestionably 
the greatest invention in Sewing Machines 
since their introduction; completely revolu- 
tionizes the art of machine sewing. Visitors 
are delighted. 
Call and examine, or send for full Descriptive Catalogue. 

Perfect and durable Worh altvaya asstired 

No Instruction or Experience required. 
No Ripping, 

Most Powerful Feed ever invented. 
The Only Machine in the World with A.utoniatio Tension. 
New Stitch Regulator, 

Absolutely Noiseless in operation. 

Other New and Valuable Features, 

WILLCOX & GIBBS S. M. Co., 
658 BROADWAY, 

CoE. OF Bond Stkeet, NEW YORK. 



THE 



HEALTH-LIFT 

Heduced to a Science. 



CUMULATIVE EXERCISE. 



A Thorough Gymnastic System 

IN TEN MINUTES ONCE A DAY. 

Health restored and Muscular Strength developed by 
equalizing and invigorating the circulation. The result of 
twenty years practical and theoretical study and experi- 
ment. The only scientific system of physical training. 

Minimum time for maximum results. 

Thia "cut" represents a lady taking an 
exercise on the 

Reactionary Lifter. 

It will be seen that the Exercise, as well as the 
Appabatus, ia especially adapted for Ladies 
vse. It is the only Machine in use by which a 
l»dy can take sufficient exercise without change 
of dress, soiled hands, awkward positions, etc. 
By its use, ten minutes once a day, they can get 
•11 needed exercise. 




You are cordially invited to 
visit the 



LADIES' 
PARLORS 



New York Health-Lift Company, 

46 EAST FOURTEENTH STKEET, 



Bet Broadway and University Place, 



NEW ^ORK. 



John F. Trow & Son, 

PRINTERS 

AND 

BOOKBINDERS, 

Combine in their Extensive Premises, 

205-213 EAST TWELFTH ST. 

AKD 

15 VANDEWATER ST., 

OSTK^^ YORK, 

The resources of the Old and Well-known 

Houses of John F. Trow, Robert 

Craighead, and C. A. Alvord. 

They are constantly adding improvements, Iwth In the 

Biisii m FfiiiTiM Immim, 

And offer to Publishers facilities nne^inalled in this country for the 
EAPID AITD ACOUEATE PEODUOTION OF BOOKS. 



ALL ORDERS FOR 



Job Printing 



Promptly attended to. 



Estimates for B'nding or Printing furnished on application. 



SMITH'S PAI^LOE. B£:D DEPOT. 




Also, Ladies' Cutting Table and Folding Chairs. 

816 Broadway, Near 12th Street, NEW YORK 

<!ombined with great power in FIELD, MARINE, TOUEISTS', 
OPEEA, and general out-door day and night double perspec- 
tive glasses : will show objects distinctly from two to six miles. 
Spectacles of the c.'reatest transparent power, to strengthen 
and improve the sight without the distressing result of fre- 
quent chances. Cnt:^loeucs sent by inclosing stamp. 

SEMMONS, OcCUlists' Optician, 687 Broadway, N. Y. 

G01.£<BG£: SOItfGS. 




CaRMIE-A YaLEI^SIA: 

A New Collection of Yale and other College Songs, with Musia 
and Piano-Forte AocomiDaniments, and Engraving of Yale College 
Buildings. Extra cloth, $1.75. Extra cloth, full gilt, $2.25. 

Carmina Columbiana: 

A New Collection of Columbia College Songs, with Music and 
Piano-Forte Accompaniments. Bound in extra cloth, showing the 
Columbia College colors, blue and white. Price, $1.75. 

HAPPY HOURS : a New Song-Book for Schools, Acad- 
emies, and the Home Circle. 188 pp. 12mo. Price, board 
covers, 50 cents. Cloth, 75 cents. 
Any of above books sent by mail^ 'post-paid, on receipt of price. 

TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO., Publishers, 

758 Broa<i^vay, New Yorls 



Life Insorance an Element of Success. 

THE successful man makes the most of every advantage which 
nature and circumstance have placed within his reach. He 
carefully considers his mental abilities and inclinations, and pur- 
sues that course for which reason tells him that he is best fitted. 
The circumstances of his birth and education as well as hi? 
physical condition and bodily powers go to influence his pursuits. 
Every circumstance is then embraced to further his plans. Hia 
mind is called upon to assist him to the extent of its forces, and 
his body should likewise contribute its share to the general fund. 

The man who is so fortunate as to possess a sound mind in a 
sound body, and who desires to make the most of both, cannot 
consistently neglect the advantages which Life Insurance offers to 
him. His neighbor may have the elements of success in an equal 
degree, but some weakness, perhaps unnoticed before, debars him 
from Life Insurance. The gift of health should thus form an im- 
portant element in the working capital of him who possesses it, 
and the taking advantage of the superiority whicli its possession 
for the time being gives may be the turning point of success, A 
Life Policy taken in health and prosperity may be just the security 
needed in financial troubles, and certainly will be when health i& 
gone and Life Insurance can no longer be obtained. 

In choosing a company, that one should be selected which ia 
most careful in the selection of its members, that good health may 
receive the greatest possible benefits. TJie Phwnioc Mutual 
Life Insurance Company of Hartford, Conn., issues 
policies on none but the best of risks. It has had 25 years of suc- 
cessful experience, and has assets of the most unquestionable 
character, of over $10,000,000, invested for the security of its 
policy-holders. Its business is conducted with economy and pru- 
dence, and its members receive the benefits arising from a conser- 
vative management to their fullest extent. 

Aaron C. Goodman, President. 

Jonathan B. Bunce, Yice-FTes. John M. Holcombe, SeSy, 



BOND'S EXTRAC" 

The People's Remedy, 

For Piles, Sprains, Lameness, Burns, Scalds, Bruises, Soreness, Rheum- 
atism, Boils, Ulcers, Catarrh, Wounds, etc. Also for Toothache, 
Headache, Neuralgia, Sore Throat, Hoarseness, Colic, Diarrhoea, and 
all Hemorrhages,&c. 

HETAIL PltlCES.—STdAT.Xj $0.50 — cheap, because do-'ses are small. 

Medium $1.00 — worth $1..3.3 ; sa\ing 33 cents. 

Large §1.75 — Morth §2.67; saving 92 cents. 

This popular remedy has now been before the country for more than a 
qriaiter of a century, during which, with very little advertising, it has firmly 
established itself in the confidence of the people; and in thousands of families 
has become as indispensable as flour or salt. 

During this period its inherent merits have overcome the intense prejudice 
of physicians, and it is now daily prescribed and recommended by members of 
the Faculty, of all Schools — Allopathic, Homoepathic, Botanic, and Eclectic. 
Ask any of them about it. They will tell you that the medicinal virtues of 
Witch Hazel in an extraordinary ra^/Qfe o/«c«07i are indisputable, and that 
ours is simply the 

BEST AND ONLY UNIFORM PREPARATION 

from that shrub ; that it is carefully made by experienced pharmacists, having 
the advantage of the perfect machinery required by an enormous business, 
from the best parts of the plant, judiciously selected at an exact and critical 
period of its growth. They will tell you that it is altvnys the same, and 
always good ; that it is not affected by change of climate or temperature ; 
that its action is prompt and effectual ; that it does not accumulate in the 
system, and ultimately manifest poisonous characteristics, but may be used 
freely, externally and internally, alone or in connection with other medici les. 

WITHOUT THE SLIGHTEST DANGER. 

Ask your druggist for one of the little books (bearing his add. ass), with 
which we supply him free, for distribution among his patrons. If you are 
well, it may give you some Iiiterestinff and Useful Inforinatioti ; 
while to the HI it may be the Road to Health. 

RERIEIIBEK.— Pond's Extract really has a very extensive range 
of action. It will promptly re/i'ere any pain, and will effectually and perma- 
nency cure a greater number of the ills which an intelligent and prudent mother 
would trust herself to treat than any other preparation, It is, therefore, 

AN lIVVAIiUABIiE DOIWtESTIC REIWEEDY. 

The 50c. Bottle is cheap, because the doses are small. The $1 Bottle is cheaper, 
woi-th $1.3.3, saving 33c. The $1.75 Bottle is cheapest, worth $2.67, saving 92c. 

f^^^^ FOR SALE EVERYWHERE. 

PONDS EXTRAI 




/ 



Charter Oak Life Insurance ^(nri^fi 



^SSETS, 

$14,500,000. 

Life Insurance Policies 
issued on all the usual 
plans at jowest Mutual 
Rates. 



HARTFORD, CONN. 




$4,000,001 



Policies on the Deposit Plan, for terms of ten or fifteen years, with pet 
advantages in case of discontinuance, are highly recommended. Send for c 
lars describing the plan in detail. 



E. R. WIGGIN, President. 
S. H. "White, Yice-Pres. and Treas. A. H. Dillon, Jr., 2d Vice-: 

Halsey Stevens, Secretary. Wm. L. Squike, Ass't Secrei ; 

H. J. PuKBEE, Financial Manager. 
E. 0. Goodwin, General Agent, ... 161 Broadway, New York. 

Geo. B. Hilliard, " " . . . 258 "Washington St., i. sio' 

Wells & Mason, " "... 1 Tribune Building, Chi.'n 



THE LE ADING CL OTHIERS. 

Our tzvo Sto7'es are constaittly sitpph 
with the best Stock of Clothing in Nezv Yorl 

We state the material plainly on eat 
Garment. 

We sell at one price. 

We guarantee entire satisfactio7t. 

We give special attention to Citstom order:: 

DEVLIN & CO.. 

Broadway, cor. Grand St, Broadway, cor. Warren S- 



